新疆吐哈地区葡萄种质资源表型性状多样性分析及综合评价  

Diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of grape germplasm resources in the Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang

作　　者：吴雨卓 刘嫒 孙锋 伍国红 秦伟[1,3] 刘立强 赵梓琪[1] 祖拜依热木·亚森 周伟权 WU Yuzhuo;LIU Ai;SUN Feng;WU Guohong;QIN Wei;LIU Liqiang;ZHAO Ziqi;YASEN Zubaiyiremu;ZHOU Weiquan(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan 838200,China;Xinjiang Hetian College,Hotan 848000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200 [3]新疆和田学院,新疆和田848000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第3期559-572,共14页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察课题(2022xjkk1201);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02045-1)。

摘　　要：为筛选优质的葡萄种质资源,本研究以新疆吐鲁番-哈密地区的110份葡萄种质资源为试验材料,系统分析了这些葡萄种质资源的表型性状多样性,并进行了综合评价。研究结果表明,55个质量性状的多样性指数(H′)为0.149~2.867,其中果粒形状多样性指数最高;24个数量性状的变异系数为7.77%~48.96%,其中果粒鲜重的变异系数最大。通过主成分分析,将24个数量性状简化为7个主成分,这7个主成分的累计贡献率为72.336%,果粒横径、叶片面积、成龄叶叶柄长、穗梗直径、叶绿素相对含量、成熟枝条节间粗度、成熟枝条节间长度、果粒鲜重、成龄叶叶宽、穗梗长度、果穗长度、可溶性固形物、果梗长度和果皮厚度为主要贡献性状,这些性状可用于更高效地开展葡萄种质资源评价和选育工作。通过隶属函数法计算综合得分(D值),初步筛选出4个综合性状优异的品种,分别为香妃无核白鸡心、黑葡萄(2022)、无核白鸡心和天山。本研究结果为葡萄种质资源的有效利用及遗传改良提供了科学依据。To screen high-quality grape germplasm resources,this study took 110 grape germplasm resources from the Turpan-Hami region in Xinjiang as experimental materials.The phenotypic trait diversity of these grape germplasm resources was systematically analyzed,and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out.The results showed that the diversity index(H′)of the 55 qualitative traits ranged from 0.149 to 2.867,among which the diversity index of grape berry shape was the highest.The coefficients of variation of the 24 quantitative traits ranged from 7.77%to 48.96%,among which the coefficient of variation of fresh grape berry weight was the largest.Through principal component analysis,24 quantitative traits were simplified into seven principal components.The cumulative contribution rate of these seven principal components reached 72.336%.The main contributing traits included berry transverse diameter,leaf area,petiole length of mature leaves,rachis width,relative chlorophyll content,internode thickness of mature branches,internode length of mature branches,berry fresh weight,leaf width of mature leaves,rachis length,cluster length,soluble solids content,pedicel length,and pericarp thickness.These traits were utilized to more efficiently conduct the evaluation and selection of grape germplasm resources.By calculating the comprehensive score(D value)using the subordinate function method,four varieties with excellent comprehensive traits were preliminarily screened out,namely Xiangfei Centennial Seedless,Black Grape(2022),Centennial Seedless and Tianshan.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the effective utilization and genetic improvement of grape germplasm resources.

关 键 词：葡萄 品种资源 表型性状 多样性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]