不同岸线植物和仔稚鱼群落特征及其与江豚分布的关系:以长江安庆段为例  

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT AND JUVENILE FISH COMMUNITIES ALONG DIFFERENT SHORELINES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF FINLESS PORPOISES:A CASE STUDY OF THE ANQING SECTION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

作　　者：罗来开 谈凯 伍佳楠 朱玲 薛立勋 肖晶晶 章伟 赵凯 LUO Lai-Kai;TAN Kai;WU Jia-Nan;ZHU Ling;XUE Li-Xun;XIAO Jing-Jing;ZHANG Wei;ZHAO Kai(College of Life Sciences,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246011,China;The Belt and Road Model International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in Basins of Anhui Province,Anqing 246011,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学生命科学学院,安庆246011 [2]安徽省“一带一路”流域生物多样性保护与利用国际合作基地,安庆246011

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第5期27-39,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：安庆江豚省级自然保护区能力建设项目——生物多样性本底调查(CG-AQ-2022-276 FS34080120220280);长江安徽段鱼类重要栖息地调查课题项目(230133);2023年度安徽省科研编制计划(2023AH010041)资助。

摘　　要：为了探究不同岸线植物和仔稚鱼群落特征及其与江豚分布的潜在关系,研究在长江安庆段选取了15个典型断面,分别进行了植物群落结构特征和仔稚鱼群落特征调查并开展了3次江豚数量和分布的目视考察。结果表明:(1)自然岸线、抛石岸线和预制砌块岸线分别记录了126、106和89种植物,均以草本植物为主;Ward最小方差聚类将3种岸线的植物群落分别划分成了4、4和5个群落类型,其中益母草+芦苇+狗牙根群落、芦苇+荻+狗牙根群落及三裂叶薯+苍耳+小蓬草群落分别在自然岸线、抛石岸线和预制砌块岸线出现频率最高。(2)共采集仔稚鱼个体130005尾,隶属于6目7科14属15种。其中自然岸线、抛石岸线和预制砌块岸线水域分别采集了15、12和13种鱼类,三种岸线水域鱼类群落结构均以鲤科鱼类为主。?、鲫、鲤、陈氏新银鱼、大银鱼和间下鱵为三种岸线水域的共优势种,子陵吻虾虎鱼为预制砌块岸线水域的特有优势种。方差分析结果表明,自然岸线渔获物总数量和中上层鱼类种数显著高于其他两种岸线水域。(3)3次考察累计发现江豚135头次,平均每次考察观察到江豚(45.00±8.66)头次。考察发现长江安庆段江豚总体呈连续分布,但存在明显的集中分布区域,江豚对自然岸线水域有较为明显的偏向选择性。(4)植物群落和仔稚鱼群落和江豚分布的相关性分析表明:植被盖度与仔稚鱼种类、数量及小型鱼类种数之间存在显著的正相关(P<0.05),仔稚鱼种类、数量及小型鱼类物种数和数量与长江江豚的分布也均显示出显著的正相关(P<0.05)。综上推断,江豚选择自然岸线水域作为主要栖息地可能是由于其具有较高的植被覆盖率和丰富多样的植物种类及丰富的中上层鱼类资源。The Yangtze finless porpoise is found exclusively in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and two large river-connected lakes-Poyang and Dongting Lakes.With a considerable stretch of the natural riverbank along the Yangtze main stem replaced by artificial structures and the depletion of fish stocks,prey availability,habitat loss,and fragmentation have become the most important factors affecting the survival of the finless porpoise.To explore the structural characteristics of plant communities and juvenile fish along different shorelines and their potential relationship with the distribution of finless porpoises,we selected 15 typical sections in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River to investigate plant and juvenile fish communities.Simultaneously,three visual surveys were conducted to record the abundance and distribution patterns of the finless porpoise,along with the types ofshorelines.The results showed that:(1)A total of 126,106,and 89 species of vascular plants were collected from the natural,rock,and prefabricated masonry shorelines,respectively,with herbaceous plants being the main life form and Asteraceae,Poaceae,and Cyperaceae as the dominant families.The Ward’s minimum variance method was used to classify plant communities of the three shorelines into four,four,and five community types,respectively.The most frequent plant associations were Ass.Leonurus japonicus+Cynodon dactylon+Phragmites australis on natural shorelines,Ass.Xanthium strumarium+Hemarthria sibirica+Panicum bisulcatum on rock shorelines,and Ass.Ipomoea triloba+Xanthium strumarium+Erigeron canadensis on prefabricated masonry shorelines,respectively.(2)A total of 130005 juvenile were collected and identified,belonging to 14 genera,7 families,and 6 orders.Among them,15,12,and 13 species were collected from natural,rock,and prefabricated shoreline waters,respectively.The six common dominant species across the three shoreline types were Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus,Cyprinus carpio,Neosalanx tangkahkeii,Protosalanx

关 键 词：岸线 植物群落 栖息地碎片化 仔稚鱼 中上层鱼类 长江江豚 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]