长江新螺段白鱀豚国家级自然保护区长江江豚分布特征及河道形态影响研究  

DISTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE ON RIVER MORPHOLOGY OF THE YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN THE XINLUO SECTION OF THE YANGTZE BAIJI NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE

作　　者：徐子佳 张瑶瑶 刘小宇 陈懋 梅志刚[2] XU Zi-Jia;ZHANG Yao-Yao;LIU Xiao-Yu;CHEN Mao;MEI Zhi-Gang(Xin-Luo Baiji National Nature Reserve,Honghu 433200,China;Center for Aquatic Biodiversity and Resource Conservation,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北长江新螺段白鱀豚国家级自然保护区管理处,洪湖433200 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第5期53-61,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划濒危旗舰水生动物种群监测及栖息地修复技术集成与示范(2022YFF1301603)资助。

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨长江新螺江段长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)分布特征及影响其栖息地选择的河道形态因素,为其栖息地修复和保护区管理提供科学依据。研究利用2006—2023年的考察数据,通过栖息地选择模型分析了保护区江段长江江豚在不同水文季节的分布情况及与环境因子的相关性。结果显示,该江段的长江江豚在枯水期主要分布于保护区江段的老湾水域、潘家湾和簰洲湾水域,丰水期主要分布于簰洲湾水域,季节性分布差异显著。保护区赤壁大桥以上江段在历次考察中长江江豚分布稀少。总体来看,长江江豚的分布与河道弯曲度、河漫滩面积显著相关,这提示长江河道的自然景观特征可能是驱动长江江豚分布的主要因素。根据上述结果,建议进一步开展保护区水域具体河道理化特征研究,阐明长江江豚栖息地选择机制。加强河漫滩生境的保护和修复,在长江江豚高密度分布的老湾水域、潘家湾和簰洲湾水域保持自然岸线占比。加强保护区上游江段长江江豚的种群监测,并采取生境改造手段,恢复部分河漫滩,改善不同河漫滩生境之间的栖息地连通性。The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis),a flagship species for aquatic biodiversity conservation in the Yangtze River,serves as a key indicator of the river basin’s ecological health.The Yangtze Xinluo Baiji National Nature Reserve is a crucial habitat for this species and one of the earliest established reserves for its protection.Monitoring the ecological conditions and population dynamics of the Yangtze finless porpoise within this reserve provides valuable insights into the broader environmental changes occurring in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.This study aims to explore the distribution characteristics of the Yangtze finless porpoise in the Xinluo section of the Yangtze River and the river morphological factors influencing its habitat selection,providing scientific basis for habitat restoration and protected area management.We analyzed survey data from 2006 to 2023,focusing on the distribution of the porpoises across different hydrological seasons and their correlation with environmental factors,utilizing habitat selection models.The results indicate that during the dry season,the porpoises are predominantly distributed in the Laowan,Panjiawan,and Paizhouwan areas.In contrast,during the wet season,their distribution is concentrated in Paizhouwan,showing significant seasonal variation.Above the Chibi Bridge,the porpoise population remains sparse across all surveys.Overall,the distribution of Yangtze finless porpoises is positively correlated with river channel curvature and floodplain area,suggesting that natural landscape features play a pivotal role in their distribution.According to the above results,we suggest that further studies on the physical and chemical characteristics of specific river channels in the protected waters to better understand the habitat selection mechanism of the Yangtze finless porpoises.Additionally,we recommend further strengthening the protection and restoration of floodplain habitats,maintaining the natural shoreline in high-density areas such as

关 键 词：自然保护区 栖息选择偏好 河道形态 保护与管理 长江江豚 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]