水动力条件对黑水河库湾浮游植物群落结构和水环境的影响  

HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS ON PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND WATER ENVIRONMENT IN THE HEISHUI RIVER RESERVOIR BAY

作　　者：田楚铭 肖淇文 齐青松 路斌 牟小雨 何婷 米武娟[2] 范亚文[1] 毕永红[2] TIAN Chu-Ming;XIAO Qi-Wen;QI Qing-Song;LU Bin;MOU Xiao-Yu;HE Ting;MI Wu-Juan;FAN Ya-Wen;BI Yong-Hong(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity Research in Heilongjiang Province,College of Life Sciences and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;River Basin Complex Administration Center,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院黑龙江省水生生物多样性研究重点实验室,哈尔滨150025 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]中国长江三峡集团公司流域枢纽运行管理中心,宜昌443000

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第5期121-133,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目(0704199)资助。

摘　　要：为了解蓄水后黑水河库湾生态系统的状况,于2023年6月至2024年5月开展了浮游植物和水环境的月度同步调查。结果表明:水库水位全年变化范围在773.51—824.16 m,水位变化幅度为43.64 m,蓄水期水位月均值为781.99 m,高水位运行期为807.02 m,消落期为800 m,低水位运行期为773.54 m,高水位运行期极显著高于其他3个时期(P<0.001),消落期显著高于低水位运行期(P<0.05)。调查期间浮游植物种类数表现为S3>S2>S1的趋势;共发现优势种6种,分别为假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)、斜结隐藻(Plagioselmis sp.)、小金色藻(Chrysochromulina parva)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、曲壳藻(Achnanthes sp.)和尖针杆藻(Synedra acusvar),其中小金色藻只在水位波动较大的蓄水期/消落期成为优势种,假鱼腥藻仅在水位波动小的高水位/低水位运行期成为优势种;蓄水期的浮游植物群落生态类型为绿藻-硅藻-甲藻型,高水位/低水位运行期为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型,消落期为绿藻-硅藻-隐藻型;细胞密度的月均值表现为高水位运行期>蓄水期>低水位运行期>消落期,空间上为S3>S2>S1;α多样性指数呈现出时间差异较空间差异大的特征;不同水位运行期浮游植物群落结构差异显著(R^(2)=0.2059,P=0.003);细胞密度、Shannon多样性指数(除流量外)与水动力参数(水位、流量和流速)均呈负相关;浮游植物群落具有明显的水期特征;随着水位抬升及其波动,浮游植物群落的网络复杂性和动态稳定性降低。水环境因子显著响应水动力变化,表现为总氮(P=0.0002)、硝态氮(P=0.0002)、氨氮(P=0.011)、浊度(P=0.014)、水温(P=9.50208E-05)、溶解氧(P=7.12609E-05)和氧化还原电位(P=4.31393E-06)与水动力参数呈极显著负相关,与电导率(P=0.024)和透明度(P=2.46463E-07)呈极显著正相关。研究结果确认水动力条件对浮游植物群落和水环境具有调控作用,控制水动力条件可作为水库藻类群落调控和水环境保In order to understand the status of the ecosystem of the Heishui River Reservoir Bay after impoundment,a monthly survey of phytoplankton and water environment was carried out from June 2023 to May 2024.The results showed that the annual variation range of reservoir water level was from 773.51 to 824.16 m,with a total fluctuation of 43.64 m.The average water level during the impoundment period was 781.99 m,the high water level operation period was 807.02 m,the fade period was 800 m,and the low water level operation period was 773.54 m,which was significantly higher than that of the other three periods(P<0.001),and the fade period was significantly higher than that of the low water level operation period(P<0.05).During the survey period,the number of phytoplankton species showed a trend of S3>S2>S1.A total of 6 dominant species were found,including Pseudanabaena sp.,Plagioselmis sp.,Chrysochromulina parva,Cyclotella sp.,Achnanthes sp.,and Synedra acus var.Among them,Chrysochromulina parva Lackey became the dominant only during the impoundment period/fade period with significant water level fluctuations,and Pseudanabaena sp.became the dominant species during the high and low water level operation period with small water level fluctuations.The ecological type of phytoplankton community in the impoundment period was Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Pyrrophyta type,the Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Cyanophyta type in the high-water/low-water operation period,and the Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Cryptophyta type in the fade period.The monthly mean values of cell density showed the high-water operation period>the impoundment period>the low-water operation period>the fade period,and spatially S3>S2>S1.Theαdiversity index showed that the temporal difference was larger than the spatial difference.There were significant differences in phytoplankton community structure at different water levels(R^(2)=0.2059,P=0.003).Cell density and the Shannon diversity index in addition to the flow rate were negatively correlated with hydrodynami

关 键 词：水动力 浮游植物 水环境 影响因子 黑水河库湾 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]