洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素分析  

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN DONGTING LAKE

作　　者：郭晶 陈冬素 张屹 黄代中 严广寒 卢少勇[3] GUO Jing;CHEN Dong-Su;ZHANG Yi;HUANG Dai-Zhong;YAN Guang-Han;LU Shao-Yong(Dongting Lake Eco-Environment Monitoring Centre,Yueyang 414000,China;Department of Ecology and Environment of Hunan Province,Changsha 410000,China;State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Dongting Lake,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Yueyang 414000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心,岳阳414000 [2]湖南省环境保护科学研究院,长沙410000 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站,岳阳414000

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第5期158-166,F0002,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：岳阳市长江水生态环境保护研究(2022-LHYJ-02-0207-02)资助。

摘　　要：为探究洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素,于2023年在洞庭湖不同水域开展季度调查监测。结果表明:2023年洞庭湖共检出浮游植物6门44属,其中绿藻门16属,硅藻门12属和蓝藻门10属。平均密度为8.499×10^(5) cells/L,以硅藻门(57.1%)和蓝藻门(18.6%)为多。从时间分布看,6月浮游植物平均密度最高(1.352×10^(6)cells/L),12月最低(3.448×10^(5) cells/L);从空间分布看,西洞庭湖浮游植物密度最高(1.419×10^(6) cells/L),以硅藻门为主;其次为入湖口、南洞庭湖、东洞庭湖和出湖口。洞庭湖Shannon-wiener多样性指数介于2.76—3.62,入湖口、东洞庭湖和出湖口评价为优秀,西洞庭湖和南洞庭湖为良好。全湖综合营养状态指数为48.1,中营养水平。主成分分析显示水温、高锰酸盐指数为主要影响因素;冗余分析表明水温、溶解氧和氨氮是影响洞庭湖浮游植物分布的主要因素。研究可为洞庭湖水生态修复和保护治理提供数据支撑。To investigate the structural characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton communities in Dongting Lake,quarterly surveys were conducted in different water areas of the lake in 2023.The results indicated that a total of 44 genera belonging to 6 phytoplankton phyla were identified,including 16 genera of green algae,12 of diatoms,and 10 of cyanobacteria.The average density of phytoplankton was 8.499×10^(5) cells/L,predominantly composed of diatoms and cyanobacteria,which accounted for 57.1%and 18.6%,respectively.Temporal distribution showed the highest average density in June(1.352×10^(6) cells/L)and the lowest in December(3.448×10^(5) cells/L).Spatially,the highest phytoplankton density was observed in West Dongting Lake(1.419×10^(6) cells/L),mainly comprising diatoms,followed by the river inlet,South Dongting Lake,East Dongting Lake,and the river outlet.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 2.76 to 3.62,with the inlet,East Dongting Lake,and outlet rated as excellent,while West and South Dongting Lake were classified as good.The comprehensive nutrient status index for the entire lake was 48.1,indicating a mesotrophic level.Principal Component Analysis revealed that water temperature and chemical oxygen demand were the primary environmental factors.Redundancy Analysis indicated that the main factors affecting phytoplankton distribution were water temperature,dissolved oxygen,and ammonium nitrogen.This study provides data support for the ecological restoration and management of Dongting Lake.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 浮游植物 群落结构 水环境 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]