基于正定矩阵因子分解模型的冲积平原典型区土壤重金属污染成因分析  

Identifying sources of soil heavy metal pollution in a typical alluvial plain using PMF model

作　　者：张晓露 韩存亮 邓一荣 王俊 林龙勇 王进进[1] 李永涛[1] ZHANG Xiaolu;HAN Cunliang;DENG Yirong;WANG Jun;LIN Longyong;WANG Jinjin;LI Yongtao(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642;Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Guangdong Laboratory of Soil Pollution Fate and Risk Management in Earth’s Critical Zone,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation,Guangzhou Guangdong 510045)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省环境科学研究院,广东省地球关键带(土壤)污染归趋与风险防控实验室,广东省污染场地环境管理与修复重点实验室,广东广州510045

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2025年第4期8-14,I0001,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFC3706400、No.2022YFC3703105、No.2023YFC3709705);广东省环保专项资金项目(粤财预[2024]4号);国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.U1911202)。

摘　　要：为探讨冲积平原地区土壤重金属污染来源与现状,以珠江三角洲冲积平原典型区为研究对象,采集表层土壤样品,分析土壤重金属含量及其污染现状,综合运用地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析、多元统计分析以及正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型对土壤重金属空间分布规律及污染来源进行研究。结果显示:研究区内表层土壤Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn的平均值分别为0.150、1.02、16.72、57.61、49.86、25.85、15.26、94.03 mg/kg,其中Cd和Hg的平均值高于珠江三角洲土壤背景值。区域内主要污染重金属为Hg和Pb,超标点位占比分别为26.25%和27.50%,受污染土壤主要分布在河流西侧;Cd、As、Cu、Zn污染程度较轻,超标点位占比均不超过5%;Cr和Ni均未超标。多元统计分析和PMF模型显示,Cd主要受农业活动影响,As、Cu、Cr、Ni和Zn主要来源于成土母质,Hg和Pb受工业源和交通源双重影响。To investigate the sources and status of heavy metal pollution in soil in the alluvial plain area,a typical region of the Pearl River Delta was selected as the research object.Surface soil samples were collected,and the content of soil heavy metal elements was analyzed to study their pollution status.Analysis was conducted using GIS,multivariate statistical analysis,and PMF model to examine the spatial distribution patterns and pollution sources of soil heavy metal.The mean values of Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn in the surface soil of the study area were 0.150,1.02,16.72,57.61,49.86,25.85,15.26 and 94.03 mg/kg,respectively.Among them,the mean values of Cd and Hg were higher than the soil background values in the Pearl River Delta.The primary pollutants found in the soil were Hg and Pb,with 26.25%and 27.50%of the sampling points exceeding the screening values.The contaminated soil was mainly distributed on the western side of the river.The concentration of Cd,As,Cu and Zn was relatively low,with less than 5%of the sampling points exceeding the screening values.Cr and Ni did not exceed the screening values.Multivariate statistical analysis and PMF model revealed that Cd was affected by agricultural activities,while As,Cu,Cr,Ni and Zn mainly originated from soil-forming matrices,and Hg and Pb were mainly influenced by industry and transportation.

关 键 词：冲积平原 土壤 重金属 源解析 正定矩阵因子分解模型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]