北京城区冬季细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中酚类衍生化合物污染特征及来源解析  

Pollution characteristics and source analysis of phenol derived compounds in PM_(2.5)in winter of Beijing

作　　者：尹中一 骆亮 谷欣 赵文吉[1] 李杏茹[2] YIN Zhongyi;LUO Liang;GU Xin;ZHAO Wenji;LI Xingru(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100080;Department of Chemistry,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100080)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100080 [2]首都师范大学化学系,北京100080

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2025年第4期77-86,I0004,I0005,共12页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.41905108)。

摘　　要：为了解北京市冬季大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中酚类衍生化合物的污染特征,于2016年11月10日至2017年1月8日在北京市城区对PM_(2.5)样品进行昼夜采集,采用溶剂提取-衍生化-气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用方法对样品进行处理和定性定量分析,共获取了10种酚类衍生化合物和3种糖类化合物的浓度。结果表明,酚类衍生化合物的平均总质量浓度为130.1 ng/m^(3),其中对羟基苯甲酸的平均质量浓度最高,香草醛的平均质量浓度最低。10种化合物夜间浓度明显高于日间,污染天浓度也均高于清洁天,主要是气象要素的变化对污染物存在较大的影响。芳香酸类和芳香醛类化合物与左旋葡聚糖呈显著的正相关关系,相关性系数(R^(2))分别为0.61和0.72,表明生物质燃烧是酚类衍生化合物的重要一次来源。根据比值分析法判断北京市生物质燃烧类型主要为硬木和草本植物。采样期间北京市PM_(2.5)主要来自蒙古的长距离传输和来自北京市西南部的太原和石家庄等地的短距离传输;潜在贡献源区分析表明,内蒙古、甘肃和宁夏北部以及北京市周边如保定、石家庄对北京市酚类衍生化合物污染的潜在贡献也不容忽视。To investigate the pollution characteristics of phenol derived compounds in fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))during winter in Beijing,atmospheric PM_(2.5)samples were collected continuously from November 10,2016,to January 8,2017,in urban Beijing.The samples were processed and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by solvent extraction-derivatization-gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS).The concentrations of 10 phenol derived compounds and 3 sugar compounds were determined.The results indicated that the average total concentration of phenol derived compounds was 130.1 ng/m^(3).Among them,p-hydroxybenzoic acid had the highest average mass concentration,while vanillin had the lowest average mass concentration.The concentrations of the compounds were higher at night compared to the daytime,and also higher on polluted days than on clean days.This was primarily due to the influence of meteorological factors on pollutant levels.Aromatic acids and aromatic aldehydes exhibited a significant positive correlation with levoglucosan,with correlation coefficients(R^(2))of 0.61 and 0.72,respectively,suggesting that biomass combustion was a major source of phenol derived compounds.Based on ratio analysis,it was determined that the main types of biomass burning in Beijing were hardwood and herbaceous plants.The analysis of potential contribution source areas revealed that PM_(2.5)in Beijing mainly originated from long-distance transport from Mongolia,as well as short-distance transport from Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang in the southwest of Beijing.The potential contribution of Inner Mongolia,Gansu,northern Ningxia,and the surrounding areas of Beijing,such as Baoding and Shijiazhuang,to the pollution of phenol derived compounds in Beijing should not be overlooked.

关 键 词：生物质燃烧 酚类衍生化合物 昼夜变化 比值分析法 后向轨迹分析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]