黄土高原沟壑区土壤理化性质对不同植被结构的响应  

Responses of soil physicochemical properties to different vegetation structures in the gully region of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：周琳 杜敏 杨晓楠 张爱军[1] 荣国华 李博文[1] ZHOU Lin;DU Min;YANG Xiaonan;ZHANG Aijun;RONG Guohua;LI Bowen(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Upper and Middle Yellow River Administration,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Xi'an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2025年第2期182-188,219,共8页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42107346);河北农业大学引进人才专项项目(YJ2020009)。

摘　　要：为探讨植被恢复过程中不同植被结构土壤理化性质的差异及其影响机制,选取杨家沟内灌木+草地(GC)、乔木+草地(QC)、乔木+灌木+草地(QGC)和董庄沟内自然恢复草地(C)为研究对象,对比分析不同植被结构下土壤水文特性和理化性质的变化特征。结果表明:(1)与草地相比,灌草、乔草、乔灌草对增加土壤黏粒、粉粒,降低土壤砂粒的效果较好,表现为乔灌草>乔草>灌草>草地。(2)与草地相比,其他3种植被结构的有机碳和全氮含量、孔隙度增加,容重降低。乔灌草有较高的饱和导水率(24.6%~53.9%)、饱和含水量(25.1%~32.6%)和田间持水量(6.7%~44.2%),而且发现随土层深度增加,饱和导水率、饱和含水量、田间持水量、有机碳和全氮含量、土壤孔隙度均有所降低,容重增加。(3)结构方程结果表明,不同植被结构的土壤容重、饱和含水量、田间持水量可以对Ks(饱和导水率)产生直接影响,路径系数分别为-0.199、0.296、0.480;土壤有机碳、容重和全氮通过影响总孔隙度、田间持水量和饱和含水量间接影响Ks。为黄土高原植被恢复路径及土壤水文效应过程提供科学理论依据。To explore the disparities in soil physical and chemical properties and their influencing mechanisms among different vegetation structures during the process of vegetation restoration,shrub+grassland(GC),tree+grassland(QC),tree+shrub+grassland(QGC)in Yangjiagou and naturally restored grassland(C)in Dongzhuanggou were selected as research subjects.Comparative analyses were conducted on the variation characteristics of soil hydrological properties and physical and chemical properties under different vegetation structures.The results indicated that:(1)Compared with grassland,GC,QC,and QGC have better effects on increasing soil clay and silt particles and reducing soil sand particles,presenting an order of QGC>QC>GC>C.(2)Compared with grassland,the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen,as well as porosity,of the other three vegetation structures increased,while the bulk density decreased.QGC had higher saturated hydraulic conductivity(24.6%-53.9%),saturated water content(25.1%-32.6%),and field water holding capacity(6.7%-44.2%).Moreover,it was discovered that with the increase in soil depth,saturated hydraulic conductivity,saturated water content,field water holding capacity,contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen,and soil porosity all decreased,while the bulk density increased.(3)The results of the structural equation model reveal that soil bulk density,saturated water content,and field water holding capacity can directly affect Ks(saturated hydraulic conductivity),with path coefficients of-0.199,0.296,and 0.480,respectively;soil organic carbon,bulk density,and total nitrogen can indirectly affect Ks by influencing total porosity,field water holding capacity,and saturated water content.This study provides a scientific theoretical basis for the vegetation restoration path and soil hydrological effect process on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：黄土高原 植被结构 土壤理化性质 饱和导水率(Ks) 

分 类 号：S157.43[农业科学—土壤学]