^(60)Co-γ射线对金莲花种子的诱变效应  

Mutagenic effects of^(60)Co-γradiation on Trollius chinensis seeds

作　　者：方玉静 韩荣 黄泽维 董梦涵 张芹[1] FANG Yujing;HAN Rong;HUANG Zewei;DONG Menghan;ZHANG Qin(College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园林与旅游学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2025年第2期220-228,共9页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金：河北省中央财政林草科技示范项目(冀TG[2024]014);河北省现代农业产业体系建设专项(HBCT2024200203)。

摘　　要：为深入了解^(60)Co-γ射线对金莲花的诱变效应,采用不同辐射剂量的^(60)Co-γ射线对金莲花干种子分别进行处理,并利用形态学、细胞学、染色体压片技术和生理生化测定等技术对金莲花诱变情况进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)金莲花的发芽率、出苗率、成苗率、株高、叶面积、根长以及花朵直径均随着辐射剂量的增大而降低。随着辐射剂量增加,变异率逐渐升高,且^(60)Co-γ射线剂量为40 Gy时金莲花变异率最高。此外,研究还发现^(60)Co-γ射线诱导金莲花半致死剂量为42.50 Gy。(2)显微镜观察发现,各处理的保卫细胞和气孔均小于对照。各处理的下表皮细胞、上下表皮厚、栅栏组织、海绵组织、叶厚均随着辐射剂量的增加逐渐减小。(3)通过根尖染色体压片试验观察到金莲花混倍体21株。(4)生理指标检测结果显示,各处理的色素含量随着辐射剂量的增加不断下降,SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量呈先升高后下降的趋势,MDA含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,游离脯氨酸呈先下降后上升的趋势。综上所述,在辐射剂量率为2 Gy/min时,^(60)Co-γ射线对金莲花的形态特征、叶片结构、染色体、生理指标等产生显著影响。金莲花较适宜的诱变剂量为40 Gy。To better understand the mutagenic effect of^(60)Co-γrays on Trollius chinensis,different radiation doses of^(60)Co-γrays were used to treat the dried seeds of T.chinensis separately,and comparative analysis of T.chinensis mutagenicity was carried out by using morphological,cytology,chromosome-pressing techniques and physiological and biochemical assays.The research results were as follows:(1)The germination rate,seedling emergence rate,seedling success rate,plant height,leaf area,root length,and flower diameter of T.chinensis decreased with the increase of radiation dose.With the increase of radiation dose,the mutation rate gradually increased,and the highest mutation rate was found in T.chinensis when the dose of^(60)Co-γrays was 40 Gy.In addition,it was found that^(60)Co-γrays induced a hemi-lethal effect to T.chinensis at the dose of 42.50 Gy.(2)Microscopic observation revealed that the defense cells and stomata of each treatment were smaller than those of the control.The lower epidermal cells,upper and lower epidermal thickness,palisade tissue,spongy tissue,and leaf thickness of all treatments decreased gradually with increasing radiation dose.(3)Twenty-one hybrids were observed by root tip chromosome pressing test.(4)The results of physiological indexes showed that the pigment content of all treatments also decreased continuously with increasing radiation dose.SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein showed a early tendency of increasing before decreasing.MDA content showed a tendency of gradually increasing,and free proline showed a early tendency of decreasing before increasing.In summary,at a radiation dose rate of 2 Gy/min,^(60)Co-γrays had a significant effect on the morphological characteristics,leaf structure,chromosomes and physiological indexes of T.chinensis.The more suitable mutagenic dosage for T.chinensis was 40 Gy.

关 键 词：金莲花 ^(60)Co-γ射线 染色体 诱变育种 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]