论为订立或履行合同所必需的个人信息处理活动  

On Processing of Personal Information Necessary for the Formation or Performance of Contracts

作　　者：程啸[1] Cheng Xiao

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2025年第2期47-57,共11页Science of Law:Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：最高人民法院2024年度司法研究重大课题(GFZDKT2024B06-1)“《民法典》人格权编法律适用问题研究”。

摘　　要：为订立或履行合同所必需是我国《个人信息保护法》规定的一类无需取得个人同意即可处理个人信息的情形。这一规定旨在协调个人信息权益的保护与正常的经济活动秩序之间的关系。个人作为一方当事人在订立合同过程中所作出的意思表示不同于个人对个人信息处理作出的同意,二者在告知义务、形式要件、能力要件、法律后果、效力判断及撤销或撤回等方面都有明显的差异。为提供产品或服务所必需被为订立或履行合同所必需包含,但为订立或履行合同所必需却不一定是为提供产品或服务所必需。在解释论上,我国法律应当将个人主动向处理者提出请求作为为订立合同所必需的一项限制要件。个人作为一方当事人的合同仅限于民事合同,不包括行政协议,但该合同必须是合法有效的。在认定处理者的个人信息处理活动是否为履行合同所必需时,应当综合考虑当事人的共同目的、合同的主要权利义务、合同的性质和类型等因素。同时,个人信息处理者应当采取对个人权益影响最小的个人信息处理方式。The necessity for contract formation or performance is a legal basis under China’s Personal Information Protection Law that allows personal information to be processed without the individual’s consent.This provision aims to balance the protection of personal information rights with the order of normal economic activities.A party’s declaration of intent in contract formation differs significantly from their consent to personal information processing.These differences manifest in obligations of notification,formal requirements,capacity requirements,legal consequences,validity assessment,and revocation or withdrawal.The necessity for providing products or services is included in the necessity for contract formation or performance,but the reverse is not always true.In interpretative terms,Chinese law should require the individual to actively request the processing as a limiting condition for the necessity of contract formation.Contracts where the individual is a party are limited to civil contracts and do not include administrative agreements,but such contracts must be lawful and valid.In determining whether processing is necessary for contract performance,factors such as the common purpose of the contracting parties,the primary rights and obligations under the contract,and the nature and type of the contract should be comprehensively considered.Moreover,processors should adopt methods that minimize the impact on individuals’rights.

关 键 词：个人信息处理 订立 履行 合同 个人同意 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]