绿洲型城市空间基因的生成机制与表达路径研究——以敦煌市沙州城区为例  

Generation Mechanism and Expression Path of Spatial Genes in Oasis-Type Cities:A Case Study based on Shazhou Urban Area in Dunhuang City

作　　者：庞开拓 唐相龙[1] PANG Kaituo;TANG Xianglong

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2025年第4期79-88,共10页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52068040):苏联援华“156项工程”主导的西北新兴工业城市转型路径分异与规划范型时空响应(1949-2019)。

摘　　要：城市快速发展进程中,产生千城一面、文脉割裂等诸多建设性破坏问题。空间基因是城市地域特色的抽象表达,是影响城市形态和布局的关键因素,与生物遗传基因类似,具有一脉相承特性。建立城市空间基因构成与分析框架,以敦煌市沙州城区为例,识别出宏观、中观、微观六种空间基因;分析其空间组合模式及形成脉络,解析其生成机理与影响因素。经研究发现,敦煌市沙州城区空间基因源于独特的自然地理环境,源于官本位礼制营城制度及历代营建者对自然环境特征与规律的掌握和应用。这六种空间基因皆在西汉郡城建立初就有雏形,经历代传承完善,适应城市发展需求。敦煌等绿洲型城市空间基因,以对自然地理条件的适应性和生态优先性为核心特征,融合多民族文化,城区沿交通干线或河流轴带发展。城市建设应在充分了解其空间基因基础上,探索城市空间导控规则,与时俱进取舍,传承与发扬营建智慧,塑造地域“本土”特色。representation of the regional characteristics of a city,spatial genes are key factors that influence urban form and layout.Similar to biological genes,spatial genes come down in a single continuous line.In this study,an urban spatial gene composition and analysis framework was built based on the Shazhou urban area of Dunhuang City.In combination with historical records,relevant literature and field surveys,this study analyzed key factors that control urban features systematically.According to the principle that"spatial genes come down in one continuous line",six types of spatial genes were identified in the urban area of Shazhou at the macroscopic,mesoscopic,and microscopic scales.These spatial genes include the ecological background gene of"desert oasis,sand-water-city-field symbiosis";the landscape pattern gene of"mountains encircling the city and water";urban pattern genes of"ditch irrigation and settlement symbiosis","cross layout and windmill expansion",and"criss-cross vertical grid";and the architectural feature genes of"flat roof,yellow walls,rammed earth,red bricks,small windows and inner courtyards".The spatial combination patterns and their formation mechanisms were analyzed,and the generation mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed.The expressions and continuity pathways of spatial genes in oasis cities were explored preliminarily.The results of this study show that the spatial genes of Shazhou urban area in Dunhuang City are deeply rooted in unique natural geographical environments,the government-led ritual system of city planning,as well as comprehension and use of historical builders to understand natural environmental characteristics and laws.These six spatial genes,established during the Western Han Dynasty,have been continuously refined to meet evolving urban development needs.Among them,the ecological background gene,settlement layout gene,and architectural style gene are unique spatial genes of Dunhuang,while the landscape pattern gene and the urban pattern genes related to axes and ro

关 键 词：空间基因 空间布局 生成 表达 绿洲型城市 敦煌沙州城区 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]