重质油加氢裂化实验研究  

Experimental Study on Heavy Oil Hydrocracking

作　　者：胡金余 李增勃 杜若宇 方玉虎 Hu Jinyu;Li Zengbo;Du Ruoyu;Fang Yuhu(Northwest Chemical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]西北化工研究院有限公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《炼油与化工》2025年第2期18-21,共4页Refining And Chemical Industry

摘　　要：重质油包括减压渣油,脱油沥青和减黏渣油等油品,其中减压渣油是原油经过减压蒸馏除去所有挥发性物质得到的残余物,硫、氮含量高,粘度大、熔点高,重金属、沥青质和胶质含量占有很大的比例,是1种很难处理的油品。渣油加氢裂化技术可以把减压渣油利用起来并且转化为重要的化工原料,该技术是把减压渣油与脱油沥青和减黏渣油等各种互溶重油按一定比例混合后,在高温、高压、催化剂、添加剂及临氢状态下发生化学反应,将大分子裂化成小分子烃,脱除重质油中的硫、氮、重金属等有害物质,重油转化率、沥青质转化率、液体收率作为参考研究指标。Heavy oil includes vacuum residue,deoiled asphalt,and reduced viscosity residue.Among them,vacuum residue is the residue obtained by vacuum distillation of crude oil to remove all volatile substances.It has high sulfur and nitrogen content,high viscosity,high melting point,and a large proportion of heavy metals,asphaltene,and gum content,making it a difficult oil to process.Residue hydrocracking technology can utilize vacuum residue and convert it into important chemical raw materials.This technology involves mixing vacuum residue with various miscible heavy oils such as deoiled asphalt and demulsifying residue in a certain proportion,and then undergoing chemical reactions at high temperature,high pressure,catalyst,additive,and hydrogen state to crack large molecules into small molecule hydrocarbons,remove harmful substances such as sulfur,nitrogen,and heavy metals from heavy oil,and use heavy oil conversion rate,asphaltene conversion rate,and liquid yield as reference research indicators.

关 键 词：渣油 加氢轻质化 悬浮床 劣质化 加氢裂化 

分 类 号：TE624.21[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]