刚果(金)马诺诺超大型锂矿床成矿特征与勘查准则  

Mineralization characteristics and exploration strategy of world-class Manono lithium deposit,democratic republic of Congo

作　　者：阙朝阳 李红兵 解洪晶[3] 刘建明 李顺庭 雷德利 QUE ChaoYang;LI HongBing;XIE HongJing;LIU JianMing;LI ShunTing;LEI DeLi(Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361008,Fujian,China;Sino-Zijin Resources Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China;Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration,Xiamen 361009,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建厦门361008 [2]中色紫金地质勘查(北京)有限责任公司,北京100012 [3]北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司,北京100012 [4]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司矿产地质勘查院,福建厦门361009

出　　处：《矿床地质》2025年第2期317-333,共17页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：紫金矿业集团股份有限公司科技项目矿山综合找矿预测专项(编号:4104KY2022030001)资助。

摘　　要：刚果(金)马诺诺(Manono)锂矿床位于非洲中部基巴拉造山带(Kibaride Belt),属LCT伟晶岩型锂矿床,以其规模大、品位高,受到广泛关注。文章基于对马诺诺矿床最新勘查成果,通过对成矿地质特征和伟晶岩分带的系统研究,提出马诺诺含矿伟晶岩主要表现为倾向分带性,沿倾向方向由浅到深,依次为云英伟晶岩带(头部带,Sn矿化为主)、钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩带(中部带,锂矿主成矿带)和钾长花岗伟晶岩带(尾部带,无矿化),具有“上锡下锂”的矿化分带结构。马诺诺超大型锂矿床的形成得益于岩浆-构造-围岩条件的最佳组合,其中G4期的初始含锂花岗质岩浆的“双层分异”作用,即深部岩浆房的结晶分异和浅部LCT岩浆房的液态分异,是锂元素超常富集的重要机制。结合马诺诺锂矿床的发现和勘查实践,总结了马诺诺式LCT伟晶岩型锂矿床的勘查评价准则:遥感影像快速识别民采痕迹;按照“上锡下锂”的分带特征评价(民采)锡矿点;沿锡矿化的倾向方向追索发现锂矿体;应用无人机航磁技术快速圈定伟晶岩和控矿构造,开展整体评价。马诺诺矿区及外围民采稀有金属矿点众多,找矿潜力巨大,借助评价准则,可快速优选评价找矿靶区。The Manono world-class lithium deposit in the Democratic Republic of Congo is located in the Kibaride Belt of central Africa.It belongs to LCT pegmatite-type lithium deposit and was famous due to the big tonnage and high grade.Based on the latest exploration result and systemic study of the geological characteristics and mineralization,this article proposed that the zoning of Manono ore-bearing pegmatite is mainly along the dip direction.From the top to the root,three zones were distinguished:the greisen pegmatite zone(top zone,Sn mineralization dominant),the sodium feldspar-spodumene pegmatite zone(middle belt,main lithium mineralization zone)and the K-feldspar granite pegmatite zone(root zone,barren),so called“top Sn and below Li”mineralization structure.The formation of the Manono lithium deposit is attributed to the optimal combination of magmastructure-wall rocks.It is considered that"double-layer differentiation"of the lithium bearing G4 granitic magma play an important role.That is mean the crystallization differentiation of deep magma chambers and the liquid differentiation of shallow LCT magma chambers,is the key metallogenic mechanism for lithium enrichment.An useful Manono-style LCT pegmatite lithium deposit exploration strategy was concluded based on the discovery and exploration experience of the Manono deposit:Searching artisanal mining traces through remote sensing images,assessing the tin occurrence(artisanal mining sites),then using the"top Sn and below Li"model to find Li mineralization,locate pegmatite belts(bodies)and ore controlling structure based on high resolution aeromagnetic data,and conducting systematic geology exploration.There are many rare metal artisanal mining sites around Manono area,it is high potential to find Li mineralization.Using this Manono-style exploration strategy can help quickly to find and evaluate the exploration targets.

关 键 词：锂矿床 LCT伟晶岩 成矿模式 勘查准则 马诺诺 刚果(金) 

分 类 号：P618.42[天文地球—矿床学]