空间异质性极端降雨模式分布对洪水过程影响研究  

Study on the Impact of Spatial Heterogeneity of Extreme Rainfall Patterns Distribution on Flood Processes

作　　者：黎鹏 侯精明 李辰智 王添[1] 陈光照 吕佳豪 潘鑫鑫 李东来 乔贤玲 LI Peng;HOU Jingming;LI Chenzhi;WANG Tian;CHEN Guangzhao;LYU Jiahao;PAN Xinxin;LI Donglai;QIAO Xianling(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydroulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China;Shaanxi Weihe Ecological Technology R&D Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an 710001,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]陕西渭河生态科技研发有限公司,陕西西安710001

出　　处：《水文》2025年第2期9-14,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079106);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划-引汉济渭联合基金重点项目(2022JC-LHJJ-09);陕西省重点研发计划(2023GXLH-042);中国电力建设股份有限公司重点科技项目(DJ-ZDXM-2022-41);渭河下游游荡型河砂资源保护与利用控制技术研究项目(2022slkj-16)。

摘　　要：为探究不同极端降雨模式分布对流域洪水特性的影响,以陕西省西安市灞河流域为研究对象,基于Godunov格式有限体积法求解的二维水文水动力学模型,模拟上、中、下游不同降雨强度的六种工况(C1:30a-100a-10a、C2:100a-10a-30a、C3:10a-30a-100a、C4:100a-30a-10a、C5:10a-100a-30a、C6:30a-100a-10a)下流域洪水演进过程,并对两个典型断面洪峰流量以及洪水淹没风险进行分析。结果表明:(1)构建的灞河流域二维水文水动力模型模拟效果较好,可用于灞河流域洪水演进问题研究。(2)上游降雨强度对洪峰流量影响最为显著,中游降雨强度次之,下游降雨强度影响相对较小;在六种极端降雨模式分布下,C4极端降雨模式分布对洪峰流量影响最大,C3极端降雨模式分布对洪峰流量影响最小。(3)不同极端降雨模式分布对洪水淹没面积的影响不同;当淹没水深为[0.05,0.3)m时,C3极端降雨模式对洪水淹没面积影响最大,C4极端降雨模式影响最小;当淹没水深为[1,7]m时,C4极端降雨模式对洪水淹没面积影响最大,C3极端降雨模式影响最小。To investigate the impact of different extreme rainfall distribution patterns on watershed flood characteristics,this study focused on the Bahe River Basin in Xi′an,Shaanxi Province.A two-dimensional hydro-hydrodynamic model based on the Godunov finite volume method was used to simulate the flood evolution process under six different rainfall intensity scenarios in the upper,middle,and lower reaches(C1:30a-100a-10a,C2:100a-10a-30a,C3:10a-30a-100a,C4:100a-30a-10a,C5:10a-100a-30a,C6:30a-100a-10a).The peak flow and flood inundation risk at two typical cross-sections were analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)The constructed two-dimensional hydro-hydrodynamic model for the Bahe River Basin performed well and can be used for studying flood evolution in the basin.(2)The upstream rainfall intensity has the most significant impact on peak flow,followed by the middle reach,with the downstream having a relatively smaller impact.Among the six extreme rainfall distribution patterns,the C4 pattern has the greatest impact on peak flow,while the C3 pattern has the least impact.(3)Different extreme rainfall distribution patterns have varying impacts on flood inundation areas.When the inundation depth is[0.05,0.3)m,the C3 pattern has the greatest impact on the flood inundation area,while the C4 pattern has the least impact.When the inundation depth is[1,7]m,the C4 pattern has the greatest impact on the flood inundation area,while the C3 pattern has the least impact.

关 键 词：极端降雨模式 洪水演进过程 淹没风险 洪峰流量 

分 类 号：P338[天文地球—水文科学] TV131.2[水利工程—水文学及水资源]