长江流域极端降水事件时空变化特征及其与洪水响应关系  

Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Yangtze River Basin and Response Relation with Floods

作　　者：张礼 杨娜 张叶晖 许银山 纪小敏 ZHANG Li;YANG Na;ZHANG Yehui;XU Yinshan;JI Xiaomin(School of Hydrology and Water Resources,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430000,China;Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学水文与水资源工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]水利部长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430000 [3]江苏省水文水资源勘测局,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《水文》2025年第2期49-55,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41401612)。

摘　　要：极端降水是引发流域性洪水的重要因素,亟须开展极端降水与洪水的响应关系研究。基于长江流域733个气象站点1960—2019年逐日降水数据和3个主要水文控制站的流量数据,采用基于事件过程的极端降水事件划分方法对极端降水事件进行识别,并建立极端降水事件-洪水响应指标,探讨不同类型极端降水事件与洪水的响应关系。结果表明:(1)长江流域极端降水事件以多日型为主,其中前期型和后期型极端降水事件发生频次较高,均衡型表现为持续时间长、累积降水量大。(2)前期型和后期型极端降水事件为致洪的主要降水类型,两种类型极端降水事件发生频次的增加是导致近年来长江流域洪水频发的主要原因。(3)长江流域洪水对极端降水事件的响应关系存在区域性差异,上游洪水多由日降水量超过阈值的极端降水事件导致,中、下游洪水多由累积降水量超过阈值的极端降水事件导致。As extreme precipitation is an important factor that triggers floods in the basin,it is urgent to study the relationship between extreme precipitation and floods.Based on daily precipitation between 1960—2019 from 733 meteorological stations and the flow data of three major hydrological stations during the same period,the types of extreme precipitation events were identified by using the process-based extreme precipitation event classification method,and the response of floods to different types of extreme precipitation events were discussed by establishing extreme precipitation events-flood response indicators.The results show that the extreme precipitation events in the Yangtze River basin are mainly multi-day type,in which the frequencies of the earlytype and late-type extreme precipitation events are relatively high,while the equilibrium type performes long duration and high accumulated amount.The major of flood-causing precipitation types are early-type and late-type extreme precipitation events.The increase in the frequency of the two types of extreme precipitation events is the main reason for the frequent floods in the Yangtze River basin in recent years.There are regional differences in the response of floods to extreme precipitation events in the Yangtze River Basin.The upstream floods are mainly caused by extreme precipitation events of which the daily precipitation exceeds thresholds,while the middle and downstream floods are mainly caused by extreme precipitation events of which the cumulative precipitation exceeds thresholds.

关 键 词：长江流域 极端降水事件 洪水 响应特征 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] P426.6[水利工程—水文学及水资源]