小胶质细胞在酒精诱导的神经炎症中的作用  

Role of microglia in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation

作　　者：田佳伟 尹午萌 王珂 王书豪 单云鹤 乔晓孟 TIAN Jiawei;YIN Wumeng;WANG Ke;WANG Shuhao;SHAN Yunhe;QIAO Xiaomeng(Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学基础医学院病理学与法医学系,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国免疫学杂志》2025年第4期998-1003,共6页Chinese Journal of Immunology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(82101978);河南省自然科学基金(212300410260);郑州大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2022cxcy674)。

摘　　要：酒精滥用是一个全球性公共健康问题,过量饮酒不仅损害消化道、心血管、内分泌系统,更严重的是对中枢神经系统(CNS)造成损伤。近期研究表明,酒精可与神经免疫系统相互作用,改变神经免疫信号和分子表达,进而导致神经炎症,调节广泛的脑功能。小胶质细胞是CNS参与神经免疫应答的主要细胞,小胶质细胞被酒精激活后作用于神经元,导致神经元丧失、突触连接异常、认知能力下降、运动功能障碍等神经疾病。酒精长期刺激消化道,还可通过肠-脑轴作用于小胶质细胞。小胶质细胞和相关免疫因子的神经特性及其在神经炎症中的重要作用,为理解酒精诱导的脑功能和行为变化的神经免疫机制提供了新思路。本综述讨论了小胶质细胞及其免疫信号在酒精诱导的神经炎症中的作用进展,为今后深入研究酒精滥用的神经生物学机制及治疗提供了新思路。Alcohol abuse is a global public health problem.Excessive drinking not only damages digestive tract,cardiovascular and endocrine systems,but also damages central nervous system(CNS).Recent studies have shown that alcohol interacts with neuroimmune system to alter neuroimmune signaling and molecular expression,thereby leading to neuroinflammation and regulating a wide range of brain functions.Microglia is main cell of CNS involved in neuroimmune responses.Microglia is activated by alcohol and acts on neurons,leading to neuropsychiatric diseases,such as neuronal loss,abnormal synaptic connections,cognitive decline and motor dysfunction.Alcohol chronically stimulates digestive tract and also affects microglia along gut-brain axis.Neural properties of microglia and related immune factors and their important roles in neuroinflammation provide a new insight into neuroimmune mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced changes in brain function and behavior.This review discusses progress of role of microglia and their immune signaling in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation,and provides theoretical basis for further research on neurobiological mechanism and treatment of alcohol abuse.

关 键 词：酒精 神经炎症 小胶质细胞 免疫信号 肠-脑轴 

分 类 号：R392.1[医药卫生—免疫学]