基于梯度提升回归树的光纤与半导体复合激光焊成形质量预测及优化  

Gradient Boosting Regression Tree Based Dual Beam Laser Composite Welding Forming Quality Prediction and Optimization

作　　者：杨方毅 吴頔 李小婷[4] 董金枋 曾达 黄宏星 叶欣 张培磊 Yang Fangyi;Wu Di;Li Xiaoting;Dong Jinfang;Zeng Da;Huang Hongxing;Ye Xin;Zhang Peilei(School of Materials and Science Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology,Shanghai 201620,China;School of Materials and Science Engineering,Shanghai JiaoTong University,Shanghai 201620,China;Shenzhen Han's Lithium Battery Smart Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学材料与科学工程学院,上海201620 [2]上海市激光先进制造技术协同创新中心,上海201620 [3]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海201620 [4]深圳市大族锂电智能装备股份有限公司,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《应用激光》2025年第2期13-25,共13页Applied Laser

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075317);中国博士后科学基金(2022T150400);上海市Ⅲ类高峰学科—材料科学与工程(高能束智能加工与绿色制造);上海市自然科学基金(24ZR1427100)。

摘　　要：光纤与半导体复合激光焊由于能够充分发挥光纤激光和半导体激光热源的独特优势,在激光精密连接领域得到广泛的应用。然而,激光工艺多参数之间相互耦合,对实际焊接质量的影响尚未明确,如何准确预测焊缝成形和工艺优化是提高焊接质量的关键。因此,针对动力电池3003铝合金开展光纤与半导体复合激光焊接工艺试验,系统研究了不同能量配比对焊缝形貌的影响规律,并阐述其形成机理。结果表明:光纤激光主要改变匙孔对激光能量的吸收效率,直接影响熔深,而半导体激光主要决定表面熔宽和内部有效熔宽。同时,以激光工艺参数为多维输入向量,构建基于梯度提升回归树GBRT的焊缝形貌预测模型,其均方根误差RMSE低于20%,具有较高的预测精度和强泛化能力。最终通过构建的预测模型实现激光焊接工艺优化,当光纤激光功率为0.6~1.0 kW,半导体激光功率为1.6~2.0 kW时,能够获得良好的焊接质量。研究成果可为光纤与半导体复合激光焊质量预测和工艺优化提供关键的理论支撑和指导依据。Fiber and semiconductor composite laser welding has been widely used in the field of laser precision joining due to its ability to give full play to the unique advantages of fiber laser and semiconductor laser heat source.However,the laser process multi-parameters coupled with each other,the impact on the actual welding quality has not been clear,how to accurately predict the weld formation and process optimization is the key to improve the welding quality.Therefore,for the power battery 3003 aluminum alloy,this paper carries out fiber and semiconductor composite laser welding process test,systematic research on the effect of different energy ratios on the weld morphology of the law,and to elaborate the formation mechanism.The results show that the fiber laser mainly changes the keyhole absorption efficiency of laser energy,directly affecting the depth of fusion,while the semiconductor laser mainly determines the surface fusion width and internal effective fusion width.Meanwhile,a weld shape prediction model based on gradient boosted regression tree GBRT is constructed using laser process parameters as multidimensional input vectors,and its root mean square error(RMSE)is lower than 20%,with high prediction accuracy and strong generalization ability.Finally,the constructed prediction model realizes the optimization of laser welding process,and good welding quality can be obtained when the fiber laser power is 0.61.0 kW and the semiconductor laser power is 1.62.0 kW.This paper provides key theoretical support and guidance basis for fiber and semiconductor composite laser welding quality prediction and process optimization.

关 键 词：铝合金 光纤与半导体复合激光焊 梯度回归树 成形预测 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]