激光直接沉积增材-抛光协同再制造薄壁件工艺研究  

Laser Direct Deposition Additive-Polishing Collaborative Remanufacturing Process of Thin-Walled Parts

作　　者：王晓伟[1] 张晓彬 赵彦华 Wang Xiaowei;Zhang Xiaobin;Zhao Yanhua(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,ji’nan 250101,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学机电工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《应用激光》2025年第2期26-39,共14页Applied Laser

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51975339,516052662);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2019T120602,2017M610439);山东省高校青年创新科技支持计划(2019KJB003)。

摘　　要：激光直接沉积增材再制造技术具有能量密度高、成形层厚度可控、结合性能好等优点,已成为再制造的有效方式之一,但在成形过程存在球化效应、粉末黏附及孔隙缺陷等问题,需要后续加工处理才能满足装配使用要求。激光抛光具有非接触、绿色环保等特点,是提高增材制造表面质量的有效方法之一。为此,选用KMN钢基体,GH4169粉末为修复材料,面向薄壁件损伤开展激光增材-抛光协同再制造关键工艺研究,研究了激光增材制造、激光抛光工艺参数对再制造组织性能的影响规律。激光增材制造工艺参数对稀释率影响的主次顺序为:送粉率、激光功率、扫描速度,对显微硬度影响最大的因素是激光功率。在激光抛光工艺优化中,研究了激光能量密度、激光抛光扫描间距对激光增材-抛光协同再制造试样组织性能的影响,获得了协同再制造的优化参数组合。通过优化工艺参数制造的试样相较于未抛光试样,织构更多为晶粒细小的胞状晶和等轴晶,粗糙度降低了93%,孔隙率减少了62%,显微硬度增幅20%以上,摩擦磨损性能也得到了提升。Laser direct deposition remanufacturing technology has the advantages of high energy density,controllable thickness of forming layer and good bonding performance,so it has become one of the effective ways of remanufacturing,but there are some problems in the forming process,such as spheroidizing effect,powder adhesion and pore defects,at the same time,subsequent processing is needed to meet the assembly requirements.Laser polishing has the characteristics of non-contact,green environmental protection and no material loss in the machining process,so it is one of the effective methods to improve the surface quality of adding materials.Based on this,the key processes of laser adding and polishing collaborative remanufacturing are studied for the damage of thin-walled parts,and the effects of optical increasing manufacturing and laser polishing process parameters on the microstructure and properties of remanufacturing are explored.The primary and secondary order of the influence of laser augmentation process parameters on dilution rate is powder feeding rate,laser power and scanning speed,and the factor that has the greatest influence on microhardness is laser power.In the optimization of laser polishing process,the effects of laser energy density and laser polishing scanning spacing on the microstructure and properties of laser reinforcements-polishing collaborative remanufacturing samples were studied,and the optimal parameter combination of collaborative remanufacturing was obtained.Compared to unpolished samples,optimized collaborative remanufacturing resulted in finer cellular and equiaxed crystal structures,with surface roughness reduced by 93%,porosity decreased by 62%,and microhardness increased by over 20%.The friction and wear properties have also been improved.

关 键 词：激光增材 激光抛光 再制造 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]