6061铝合金表面漆层激光清洗技术数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of Laser Cleaning of 6061 Aluminium Alloy Paint Layer

作　　者：单玉强 马玉平 彭玉斌 黄昕伟 曹海松 关浩 Shan Yuqiang;Ma Yuping;Peng Yubin;Huang Xinwei;Cao Haisong;Guan Hao(Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学机械与电气工程学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《应用激光》2025年第2期79-89,共11页Applied Laser

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085ME129,1208085ME63);安徽省教育厅自然科学基金项目(KJ2015A050,KJ2015A013)。

摘　　要：为研究激光清洗过程中激光参数与重复扫描次数对清洗效果的影响,基于热烧蚀效应原理,结合Fourier传热定律及能量守恒定律,利用仿真软件建立激光清洗6061铝合金表面环氧锌黄底漆模型。讨论激光脱漆的原理,分析了激光功率、扫描次数的变化对漆层温度场、不同漆层冷却速率及烧蚀深度、平整度的影响。结果表明,当重复频率为2.5 kHz,光斑搭接率为60%不变的情况下,漆层温度和烧蚀深度随着激光功率的增大而增大,且基材附近漆层温度较低、冷却速率较慢,当激光功率超过50 W时能完全清除表面漆层,而激光功率大于60 W时会使基材受到轻微损伤。在激光功率为30 W、其他参数不变情况下,漆层表面温度和烧蚀深度会随着扫描次数的增大而增大,表面平整度逐渐提升;当扫描次数为3次时,漆层被完全清除,且基材表面光滑无损伤。通过多次的仿真分析,得到清洗效果随激光功率、扫描次数的变化规律。研究结果为激光去除铝合金漆层的理论分析及工艺参数的选择提供了一定参考。In order to study the effects of laser parameters and repeated scanning times on laser cleaning,based on the principle of thermal ablation effect,combined with Fourier's law of heat transfer and conservation of energy,the model of laser cleaning zinc oxide yellow primer on 6061 aluminium alloy surface was established by using simulation software.The principle of laser paint removal was discussed,and the effects of changes in laser power and scanning times on the temperature field,cooling rate,ablation depth,and flatness of the paint layer were analyzed.The results show that when the repetition rate is 2.5 kHz and the spot overlap rate remains unchanged at 60%,the temperature and ablation depth of the paint layer increase with the increase of laser power,and the cooling rate of the paint layer near the substrate is slower when the temperature is lower.When the laser power exceeds 50 W,the surface paint layer can be completely removed,while when the laser power exceeds 60 W,the substrate will be slightly damaged.When the laser power is 30 W and other parameters remain unchanged,the surface temperature and ablation depth of the paint layer will increase with the increase of scanning times,and the surface flatness will gradually improve.When the number of scans is 3,the paint layer is completely removed and the substrate surface is smooth and undamaged.Through multiple simulation analyses,the variation patterns of cleaning effects with laser power and scanning frequency were determined.These findings provide a reference for theoretical analysis of laser removal of aluminum alloy paint layers and the selection of process parameters.

关 键 词：激光清洗 6061铝合金 热烧蚀效应 激光功率 扫描次数 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]