中山市3~6岁儿童营养不良患病率及影响因素分析  

Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of malnutrition among children aged 3-6 years old in Zhongshan City

作　　者：吴晨 付四毛 杨祝玲 肖羽 陈佳奇 潘聪[2] 蔡仕俊[2] 郭小玲 Wu Chen;Fu Simao;Yang Zhuling;Xiao Yu;Chen Jiaqi;Pan Cong;Cai Shijun;Guo Xiaoling(School of Graduate,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi Guizhou 563006,China;Department of Paediatrics,Zhongshan City People’s Hospital,Zhongshan Guangdong 528400,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学研究生院,贵州遵义563006 [2]中山市人民医院儿科,广东中山528400

出　　处：《遵义医科大学学报》2025年第4期392-399,共8页Journal of Zunyi Medical University

基　　金：中山市社会公益科技研究项目(NO:220411134378383)。

摘　　要：目的本研究旨在对中山市3~6岁在园儿童营养现况进行调查,分析、统计营养不良患病率及其相关影响因素。方法采用多级分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取2023年1-5月中山市幼儿园3~6岁儿童作为研究对象,对其营养状况、过敏性疾病的发生和喂养情况等进行问卷调查。根据WHO标准将其分为营养不良组、营养正常组。对纳入研究儿童营养状况的影响因素予以单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果中山市3~6岁儿童营养不良患病率为15.97%(999/6255)。Logistic回归分析结果显示食物过敏(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.15~1.66)、低出生体质量儿(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.44~2.68)、农村居住(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.12~1.64)、直系亲属有营养不良(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.82~4.14)、6个月内人工喂养(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.02~1.48)、2~3岁内奶类喂养为主(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.11~1.77)、饮食习惯不良(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.07~1.48)与中山市3~6岁儿童发生营养不良的风险呈正向关联。而独生子女(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.53~0.74)、直系亲属有肥胖者(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.48~0.82)、摄入维生素D时长>2年(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.61~0.85)、每日摄入奶制品201~300 mL(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.64~0.96)与中山市3~6岁儿童发生营养不良的风险呈负向关联。结论中山市3~6岁儿童具有较高的营养不良风险,家长应重点关注有食物过敏,低出生体质量儿、农村居住儿童、直系亲属有营养不良者、6个月内人工喂养儿童、2~3岁内奶类喂养为主儿童及饮食习惯不良儿童,应当加强对存在高危因素的儿童进行喂养管理和指导,以便制定有效的防治方案,减少儿童营养不良的发生。Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of children aged 3-6 years old in schools in Zhongshan City,and to analyse and count the prevalence of malnutrition and its related influencing factors.Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select children aged 3-6 years old from kindergartens in Zhongshan City from January to May 2023.A questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate their nutritional status,the occurrence of allergic diseases,and their feeding status.The children were divided into malnutrition group and normal nutrition group according to WHO standards.The factors affecting the nutritional status of the children included in the study were analysed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results The prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 3-6 years in Zhongshan City was 15.97%(999/6255).Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of food allergy(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.15-1.66),low birth weight children(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.44-2.68),rural residence(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.12-1.64),having an immediate family member who is malnourished(OR=2.74,95%CI:1.82-4.14),artificially fed within 6 months of age(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.02-1.48),predominantly milk-fed between the ages of 2 and 3 years(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.11-1.77),and having poor dietary habits(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.07-1.48)were positively associated with the risk of malnutrition among children aged 3-6 years in Zhongshan City.In contrast,only child(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.53-0.74),obese immediate family members(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.48-0.82),duration of vitamin D intake>2 years(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.61-0.85),and intake of 201-300 ml of dairy products per day(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.96)were negatively associated with the risk of malnutrition in children aged 3-6 years in Zhongshan City.Conclusion Children aged 3-6 years in Zhongshan City have a high risk of malnutrition.Parents should focus on children with food allergies,low birth weight babies,children living in rural areas,those with immediate family member

关 键 词：营养不良 影响因素 学龄前儿童 患病率 中山市 

分 类 号：R725[医药卫生—儿科]