钛合金钎焊界面与熔蚀调控研究现状  

Research status of brazing interface and erosion control of titanium alloy

作　　者：梁伊茗 赵明远 盛兰兵 沈元勋 钟素娟 LIANG Yiming;ZHAO Mingyuan;SHENG Lanbing;SHEN Yuanxun;ZHONG Sujuan(China Machinery Institute Group Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,National Key Laboratory of High Performance New Brazing Materials,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司,高性能新型钎焊材料全国重点实验室,郑州450001

出　　处：《焊接》2025年第4期66-77,共12页Welding & Joining

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项项目(241111233300)。

摘　　要：钛合金具有密度小、强度高等优异特性,被誉为“未来金属”,是具有极大应用前景的新型轻质结构材料,在航空航天、船舶、国防军工等高端装备的关键部位应用广泛。近年来,航空航天装备轻量化发展趋势明显,大尺寸、复杂结构、薄壁结构高强钛合金构件制造需求受到极大关注。钎焊是复杂、多层、薄壁结构钛合金构件最有效的制造方法。针对国内外钛合金钎焊研究报道进行综述,着重关注钛合金钎焊接头熔蚀问题。通过总结常用晶态钛基钎料、非晶钛基钎料、原位合成钛基钎料及钎焊工艺参数,分析钎料成分、钎焊温度和保温时间等因素对熔蚀的影响。总结提出减小熔蚀的相关方案,例如调整钎料中元素含量降低钎料熔点,降低钎焊温度;采用非晶钛基钎料降低接头化合物含量;采用原位合成钛基钎料,减少钎料向母材扩散。提出后续薄壁钛合金钎焊研究需要进一步关注的重点。Titanium alloy has excellent characteristics such as low density and high strength,known as‘metal of the future’,it is a new type of lightweight structural material with great application prospects,and it is widely used in the key parts of high-end equipment in the aerospace,shipbuilding,and national defense and military industries.In recent years,development trend of aerospace equipment lightweight is obvious,large size,complex structure,thin-walled structure of high-strength titanium alloy components manufacturing demand has received great attention.Brazing is the most effective manufacturing method for complex,multi-layer,thin-walled structure titanium alloy components.Research reports on brazing of titanium alloys at home and abroad are reviewed,focusing on erosion problem of brazed joints of titanium alloy.By summarizing the commonly used crystalline titanium-based brazing materials,amorphous titanium-based brazing materials,in-situ synthetic titanium-based brazing materials and brazing process parameters,effects of brazing material composition,brazing temperature and holding time on erosion are analyzed.The summary proposes relevant solutions to reduce erosion.For example,reducing melting point of brazing material and lowering the brazing temperature is by adjusting elemental content of brazing material.Amorphous titanium-based brazing material is adopted to reduce compounds content of brazed joints.In-situ synthesized titanium-based brazing material is adopted to reduce diffusion of brazing material to base material.Further attention should be paid to the subsequent research on brazing of thin-walled titanium alloys.

关 键 词：钛合金 钎焊 薄壁结构 界面 熔蚀 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接]