焊接过程中热输入对铝合金焊接质量的影响及其控制  

Influence of heat input on aluminum alloy welding quality and its control during welding process

作　　者：赵新成 杨军 赵泳林 李函 韩冰源[1,4] ZHAO Xincheng;YANG Jun;ZHAO Yonglin;LI Han;HAN Bingyuan(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China;School of Art and Design,Hu Bei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Transmission and Electronic Control,Shiyan 442002,China;College of Automotive Engineering,Hu Bei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院汽车与交通工程学院,江苏常州213001 [2]湖北汽车工业学院艺术与设计学院,湖北十堰442002 [3]汽车动力传动与电子控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北十堰442002 [4]湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程学院,湖北十堰442002

出　　处：《江苏理工学院学报》2025年第1期87-98,共12页Journal of Jiangsu University of Technology

基　　金：再制造技术国家级重点实验室基金项目“铝合金发动机活塞表面高熵合金涂层制备与摩擦学性能考核”(61420052023WD006)。

摘　　要：铝合金具有热导率大、固相线温度低的特性,在焊接时容易产生接头软化与熔池塌陷等问题。热输入是影响铝合金焊接质量的主要因素之一,随着焊接工艺的不断创新,对焊接热输入的研究更加深入。分别从热输入对焊缝组织结构、力学性能、断裂特征的影响三个方面,系统梳理了国内外当前研究现状和发展趋势。其中,热输入改变所产生的热应力与温度梯度是造成焊缝组织结构缺陷的主要原因,热输入通过影响焊缝组织取向、晶粒大小、第二相及结构缺陷等间接影响焊缝的力学性能,不同热输入下焊缝内部的结构缺陷与析出相的形态是决定接头断裂特征的主要因素。最后,对近年来热输入的调控研究现状进行综述,提出将PID控制和神经网络应用于焊接热量控制,能够减少焊接过程中的缺陷与组织粗化,提高焊缝整体质量。Aluminum alloy has the characteristics of large thermal conductivity and low solid-phase line temperature,which tends to produce problems such as joint softening and melt pool collapse during welding.Heat input is one of the main factors affecting the quality of aluminum welding,with the continuous innovation of welding process,the research on welding heat input is also more in-depth.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the current research status and development trends at home and abroad from three aspects:the influence of heat input on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and fracture characteristics of welds.Among them,the thermal stress and temperature gradient generated by changes in heat input are the main reasons for the formation of structural defects in welds.Heat input indirectly affects the mechanical properties of welds by affecting the orientation,grain size,second phase,and structural defects of the weld.The morphology of structural defects and precipitates inside the weld under different heat inputs is the main factor determining the fracture characteristics of the joint.Finally,a review is conducted on the current research status of heat input regulation in recent years,and it is proposed to apply PID control and neural networks to welding heat control,which can reduce defects and microstructure coarsening during the welding process,and improve the overall quality of the weld seam.

关 键 词：铝合金焊接热输入 焊缝组织 力学性能 断裂特征 热量调控 

分 类 号：TG457.1[金属学及工艺—焊接]