基于采暖分期的哈尔滨市PM_(2.5)组分差异及来源解析  

Composition Variation and Source Apportionment of PM_(2.5)in Harbin Based on Heating and Non-heating Periods

作　　者：陈禹初 Chen Yuchu(School of Energy and Civil Engineering,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150006,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学能源与建筑工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《环境科学与管理》2025年第4期120-125,共6页Environmental Science and Management

摘　　要：研究以哈尔滨市为例,探究中国东北地区PM_(2.5)污染源特征,对比分析2022年采暖期与非采暖期PM_(2.5)浓度变化及其化学组分差异。基于监测数据与PM_(2.5)化学组分(水溶性离子、碳组分、无机元素)分析发现:采暖期PM_(2.5)及其主要成分(SO_(2)^(-4)、NO_(3)^(-)、NH_(4)^(+))浓度显著升高,有机碳(OC)占比突出,并检出硫(S)、钙(Ca)等特征元素;同期SO_(2)、NO_(2)等污染物浓度增加,环境空气质量下降。PM_(2.5)源解析表明,采暖期PM_(2.5)主要来自燃煤、生物质燃烧及机动车排放;非采暖期机动车尾气、扬尘和施工贡献上升,但燃煤源影响仍持续存在。研究结果可为东北地区季节性大气污染防控提供依据。This research focuses on identifying the sources of PM_(2.5)in urban atmospheric conditions in Northeast China,specifically in Harbin,a significant urban area in Heilongjiang Province.The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of different pollution sources on PM_(2.5)levels during the heating and non-heating seasons of 2022.The study employed real-time online monitoring to analyze PM_(2.5)pollutant concentrations,meteorological conditions,and chemical components,including water-soluble ions,carbon fractions,and inorganic elements.The study revealed that PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2),O 3,and CO concentrations were significantly higher during the heating period.The heating period had a lower proportion of days with good air quality.The PM_(2.5)composition was dominated by water-soluble ions,with SO_(2)^(-4),NO_(3)^(-),and NH_(4)^(+)being predominant,and organic carbon(OC)exceeding elemental carbon(EC).The presence of inorganic elements such as S,Ca,and Fe was also noted.The study concludes that during Harbin s heating period,PM_(2.5)was primarily sourced from the combustion of coal,biomass,and other fuels,with additional contributions from motor vehicle emissions.In the non-heating period,the contributions from motor vehicle exhaust,road dust,and construction activities increased significantly,although the influence of coal combustion remained substantial.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 源解析 环境空气质量 大气污染 化学组分 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]