机床立柱的竹子结构仿生设计及性能分析  

Bionic Design and Performance Analysis of Bamboo Structure of Machine Tool Column

作　　者：李有堂[1] 连虎强 LI Youtang;LIAN Huqiang(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学机电工程学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2025年第4期18-22,共5页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52365057,51965037)。

摘　　要：为了提高机床的静、动态特性,通过分析竹子与机床立柱在结构、功能、载荷和约束4个方面的相似性,提出机床立柱结构仿生思想。通过仿生设计源流与设计流程,将竹子特有的维管束和竹节结构设计到机床立柱上,并合理地布置加强筋,以立式数控机床的立柱为例,应用有限元软件分析其静、动态特性,得到设计结果为:相对于原型铸铁材料立柱,仿生型立柱质量减小了14.22%,最大等效应力和最大变形都得到了不同程度的改善;在满足轻量化的前提下,仿生型机床立柱的静态特性有显著提高。模态分析中仿生型结构材料前6阶固有频率均要高于铸铁材料立柱,通过谐响应分析,仿生型材料立柱在X轴、Y轴的最大响应振幅分别减少了62.37%、25.18%。从而证明结构仿生型立柱具有更优越静、动态特性。In order to improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the machine tool,the bionic idea of the structure of the machine tool column was proposed by analyzing the similarity between bamboo and the machine tool column in four aspects:structure,function,load and constraint.Through the bionic design source flow and design process,the unique vascular bundle and bamboo structure of bamboo are designed to the column of the machine tool,and the stiffeners are reasonably arranged:When compared to the prototype cast iron column,the bionic column has a 14.22%mass reduction.Furthermore,to variable degrees,the maximum equivalent force and maximum deformation have increased.To satisfy the lightweight requirement,the static properties of the bionic machine tool column have been greatly improved.According to the modal analysis,the natural frequencies of the first six orders of biomimetic structural materials were higher than those of cast iron columns.Furthermore,the maximum reaction amplitudes in the X and Y axes were reduced by 62.37%and 25.18%,respectively,in the bionic material columns.Thus,it is proved that the structural bionic column has better static and dynamic characteristics.

关 键 词：结构仿生 相似性 机床立柱 静动态特性 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]