基于光轴法的深孔零件轴线直线度的测量研究  

Research on Measuring the Straightness of the Axis of Deep Hole Parts Based on Optical Axis Method

作　　者：赵富 王健 王少锋[1] 安俊峰 王国强 ZHAO Fu;WANG Jian;WANG Shaofeng;AN Junfeng;WANG Guoqiang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Co.,Ltd.,Baotou 014010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院,包头014010 [2]内蒙古第一机械集团有限公司,包头014010

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2025年第4期87-91,共5页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2022YFSJ0036);高校基本科研业务费项目(2023RCTD012)。

摘　　要：针对深孔管材测量精度的问题,基于光轴法测量原理,提出一种自主爬行装置辅助的测量方法。首先,采用两端点连线(two-point line, TPL)算法对内孔基准轴线进行粗定位,基本确定基准轴线的位置;其次,利用最小二乘(least squares, LS)算法将粗定位后所测得的内孔各截面数据进行拟合,精准定位其基准轴线;最后,结合最小包容区域(minimum enclosing region, MER)算法以基准轴线确定的条件下计算包含所有数据的最小包容圆。同时结合LabVIEW软件平台开发出的测量软件可以实时监测数据。实验结果表明,结合算法和传统的TPL算法比较直线度测量精度提高了32.66%,与LS算法比较提升了12.06%。结合后的算法在拟合圆方面表现出较高的精确度和很好的鲁棒性,并且结合自主爬行装置能够显著提高直线度测量的效率。Aiming at the problem of measuring accuracy of deep hole pipe,based on the principle of optical axis method,a measuring method assisted by autonomous crawling device is proposed.First,the two-point line(TPL)algorithm is used to locate the reference axis of the inner hole,and basically determine the position of the reference axis.Secondly,the least squares(LS)algorithm was used to fit each section data of the inner hole measured after rough positioning,and precisely locate its reference axis.Finally,the minimum enclosing region(MER)algorithm is combined with the minimum enclosing region(MER)algorithm to calculate the minimum enclosing region containing all data under the condition of the datum axis.At the same time,the measurement software developed in combination with LabVIEW software platform can monitor the data in real time.Experimental results show that the straightness measurement accuracy of the combined algorithm is improved by 32.66%compared with the traditional TPL algorithm,and by 12.06%compared with the LS algorithm.The combined algorithm shows high accuracy and robustness in circle fitting,and the autonomous crawling device can significantly improve the efficiency of straightness measurement.

关 键 词：直线度测量 光轴法 自主爬行装置 基准轴线 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]