轻微过充下航空锂电池热安全性试验研究  

Experimental study on the thermal safety of aviation lithium batteries under slight overcharge conditions

作　　者：杨娟[1,2] 闫晓亮 牛江昊 吴明皓 张青松 YANG Juan;YAN Xiaoliang;NIU Jianghao;WU Minghao;ZHANG Qingsong(Tianjin Aviation Equipment Safety&Airworthiness Technology Innovation Center,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Engineering Techniques Training Center,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;College of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学天津市航空装备安全性与适航技术创新中心,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学工程技术训练中心,天津300300 [3]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第4期1310-1318,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金民航联合基金重点支持项目(U2033204);天津市航空装备安全性与适航技术创新中心开放基金项目(JCZX-2024-KF-03)。

摘　　要：航空锂电池在实际使用时可能会面临各种异常工况,如过充、过放、外界物理损伤等。由于电池组的不一致性及充电装置的故障,锂电池在使用过程中会出现轻微过充电现象。轻微过充会加速锂电池的老化,降低电池稳定性,同时对锂电池的安全性会造成影响。为探究轻微过充循环对电池老化及安全性的影响,对轻微过充后的锂电池热失控传播影响因素进行分析,得出锂电池热失控传播规律。通过机械滥用(针刺)主动触发锂电池热失控,并测量锂电池发生热失控后的表面温度和喷射物温度等参数;同时收集电池喷射物,进行X-射线衍射分析;最终探究轻微过充锂电池组热失控蔓延规律。结果表明,经过微过充4.3 V、4.4 V、4.5 V的锂电池热失控后的温度依次升高,同时经过4.5 V微过充后的锂电池热失控蔓延速度比经过4.4 V微过充的锂电池更快。轻微过充电池热稳定性试验结果表明,电池随着微过充电压的增大热稳定性逐渐下降,当截止电压大于4.3 V时,轻微过充电池组会发生热失控传播现象。在实际情况下,经过微过充的锂电池比正常的锂电池危险性更高。试验结果可为电池设计和电池管理系统的性能提升与安全性改进提供参考,以提高电池对过充电的耐受性及安全性。In practical aerospace applications,Lithium-Ion Batteries(LIBs)may experience a range of abnormal operating conditions,including overcharging,over-discharging,and external physical damage.This study specifically examines the effects of mild overcharge on LIBs used in aerospace settings,highlighting how it can accelerate battery aging,diminish stability,and introduce safety risks.Slight overcharging can occur in LIBs due to inconsistencies within battery packs or malfunctions in charging equipment.To explore the impact of slight overcharge cycles on battery aging and safety,this study analyzes the factors that influence the propagation of thermal runaway in LIBs following slight overcharge and identifies the underlying principles governing this process.Mechanical abuse,specifically needle puncture,is employed to actively induce thermal runaway in LIBs.Parameters such as surface temperature and ejecta temperature during thermal runaway are measured.Additionally,the battery ejecta is collected for X-Ray Diffraction analysis.Ultimately,this study investigates the propagation dynamics of thermal runaway in LIB packs following slight overcharge.The research indicates that the temperatures of LIBs after thermal runaway increase sequentially with slight overcharges of 4.3 V,4.4 V,and 4.5 V.Furthermore,the rate of thermal runaway propagation in LIBs subjected to a slight overcharge of 4.5 V is faster than that observed in LIBs with a slight overcharge of 4.4 V.The thermal stability tests on slightly overcharged batteries reveal that battery thermal stability diminishes progressively as the overcharge voltage increases.Thermal runaway propagation occurs in slightly overcharged battery packs when the cutoff voltage exceeds 4.3 V.In practical applications,batteries subjected to slight overcharging present greater hazards compared to normal lithium-ion batteries.The experimental results offer valuable insights for improving battery design and Battery Management Systems(BMS)to enhance the overcharge tolerance and safety of lit

关 键 词：安全工程 锂离子电池 微过充 针刺 热失控 热传播 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]