地下商业建筑疏散楼梯形式与宽度对人员疏散的影响分析  

Analysis on the impact of evacuation staircase form and width on personnel evacuation in underground commercial buildings

作　　者：王大川 邓媛 吴思琳 周铁军[2,3,4] WANG Dachuan;DENG Yuan;WU Silin;ZHOU Tiejun(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan,China;Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;Smart Evacuation and Urban Safety Research Center,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400045 [3]重庆大学智慧疏散与城市安全研究中心,重庆400045 [4]山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第4期1523-1533,共11页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52308037);四川省自然科学基金项目(2024NSFSC0920)。

摘　　要：为探究事故灾害发生时疏散楼梯的形式与宽度对地下商业建筑人员疏散的影响,基于人员上行疏散行为的特征参数,采用计算机数值模拟方法,分析了不同楼梯形式及宽度下的疏散过程。对疏散时间、行人密度分布等疏散指标进行分析,结果表明,楼梯宽度与形式对疏散效率均有较大的影响。疏散时间随楼梯宽度增加呈现先减后增趋势,且单位宽度增加对疏散时间的减少量呈现边际递减效应,当楼梯宽度为2.5 m时,达到基于疏散效率的楼梯宽度临界值。不同楼梯形式的疏散效率存在差异,直跑楼梯的疏散效率最高,折跑楼梯次之,双跑楼梯的疏散效率最低。疏散过程中楼梯平台上的拥堵程度较小,而梯段的起始和转角位置易发生拥堵。此外,人员密度与疏散时间呈现线性正相关,且人员密度越大,楼梯形式对疏散时间的影响越显著,相应的楼梯宽度临界值也越大。This paper aims to examine the influence of evacuation staircase form and width on personnel evacuation in underground commercial buildings during accidents and disasters.To achieve this,a computer numerical simulation method is employed,taking into account the characteristic parameters of personnel upward evacuation behavior.The focus is on three main forms of evacuation staircases:straight,folded,and double-sided.Additionally,14 different width values are configured for each staircase type.A series of evacuation scenarios are developed for simulation,analyzing the evacuation process under different staircase designs and widths.This analysis also evaluates the impact of staircase form and width on evacuation efficiency across varying personnel densities.The results indicate that the width and design of evacuation staircases in underground commercial buildings have a significant impact on evacuation efficiency.The time required for personnel evacuation varies consistently with changes in staircase form and width,exhibiting a trend that initially decreases and then increases.Furthermore,the reduction in evacuation time associated with an increase in unit staircase width follows a diminishing marginal trend.Comparing the variations in evacuation time reduction,the most substantial decrease occurs when the staircase width is set at 2.5 m.Notably,there are differences in evacuation efficiency among the various staircase designs,with straight staircases exhibiting the highest efficiency,followed by folded staircases,while double-sided staircases demonstrate the lowest efficiency.Analysis of the congestion characteristics of evacuation staircases reveals that congestion levels on staircase platforms are relatively low during the evacuation process.In contrast,the starting points and corners of staircase segments tend to experience higher levels of congestion.Additionally,the study finds a linear positive correlation between personnel density and evacuation time.As personnel density increases,the impact of staircase des

关 键 词：安全工程 地下商业建筑 楼梯宽度 楼梯形式 疏散仿真 疏散效率 

分 类 号：X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]