絮凝剂在含油废水处理中的应用研究进展  

Advancements in the use of flocculants for oily wastewater treatment

作　　者：刘永芝 李建乐 刘祥 王豆 赵洛 LIU Yongzhi;LI Jianle;LIU Xiang;WANG Dou;ZHAO Luo(School of Environmental Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学环境工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第4期1564-1571,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52200052)。

摘　　要：乳化油废水具有来源广、难降解、危害大的特点,若未经妥善处理,排放至水体会严重影响水生生物及人类的健康。近年来,油类泄露引发的水污染问题逐渐受到关注。对此,国内外学者不断提出新的方法来处理含油废水。目前,最常用的方法有浮选、絮凝、生物处理、膜分离、水力旋流器、吸附、机械法和高级氧化法等。但相比之下,絮凝由于成本低、操作简单、效果好,是当前受到最广泛关注的一种技术方法。通过综合论述无机絮凝剂、有机絮凝剂以及磁性絮凝除油剂在含油废水中的研究进展,探讨不同絮凝剂在不同含油废水中的应用效果并进行深度分析,进而对絮凝破乳除油机理(如压缩双电层、电荷中和、吸附桥接和卷扫沉淀)进行总结。同时,提出当前絮凝工艺中存在的问题以及改进的方法,为絮凝技术在处理乳化油废水中的应用提供理论基础和科学依据。Emulsified oil wastewater is characterized by its wide sources,resistance to degradation,and significant harmful effects.If discharged into water bodies without proper treatment,it can severely impact the health of aquatic organisms and humans.In recent years,the issue of water pollution resulting from oil spills has garnered increasing attention.In this context,researchers both domestically and internationally are continually proposing new methods for treating oily wastewater.Currently,the most commonly employed techniques include flotation,flocculation,biological treatment,membrane separation,hydrocyclone processes,adsorption,mechanical methods,and advanced oxidation processes.In contrast,the flocculation method has garnered significant attention as an essential technology for oily wastewater treatment due to its established effectiveness,cost-efficiency,practicality,and relative efficiency.This paper reviews research progress over the past decade regarding inorganic,organic,and magnetic flocculants used in oily wastewater treatment.It covers various aspects,including substrates,modification techniques,and flocculation performance.Additionally,the characteristics and application performance of different flocculants are compared.The potential application of magnetic flocculants in oil-bearing wastewater treatment is further analyzed.Magnetic flocculants are recognized for their environmentally friendly and renewable properties,as well as their high modification potential,making them suitable for addressing the challenges posed by complex real-world applications.Additionally,the mechanisms underlying flocculation,demulsification,and oil removal are summarized.These include processes such as compression of the double layer,charge neutralization,adsorption bridging,and sedimentation.Given the stringent discharge standards for oily wastewater and the challenges involved in its treatment,this paper highlights the existing issues within the current flocculation process and suggests potential improvements.It emphasizes

关 键 词：环境工程学 含油废水 絮凝除油剂 絮凝机理 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]