基于变径槽轮的无人机条施装置设计与试验  

Strip fertilization device of unmanned aerial vehicle using a variablediameter grooved wheel

作　　者：王国宾 张同升 兰玉彬 薛新宇 丁素明 明锐 孔令标 宋灿灿 WANG Guobin;ZHANG Tongsheng;LAN Yubin;XUE Xinyu;DING Suming;MING Rui;KONG Lingbiao;SONG Cancan(College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Shandong Province Agricultural Aviation Intelligent Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center,Zibo 255049,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Computer and Big Data,Minjiang University/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049 [2]山东省农业航空智能装备工程技术研究中心,淄博255049 [3]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [4]闽江学院计算机与大数据学院/福建省信息处理与智能控制重点实验室,福州350108

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第7期13-21,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32301716,32201679,32201679);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023QC047);国家重点研发计划大载荷植保智能无人机创制与应用项目(2023YFD2000200)。

摘　　要：针对目前无人机撒施产生的颗粒物料散乱,以及使用槽轮排料存在的物料残留料槽且难清理的问题,该研究设计了一种基于变径槽轮的颗粒肥料条施装置。首先将传统槽轮拆分为料槽与中心轴,并以凸轮轴为固定件代替中心轴,利用凸轮轴旋转使料槽容量产生周期变化。设计了可调整作业间距的导流装置,采用分层布局将整体装置进行集中,不仅实现了成行施肥且避免了结构冗杂。装置整体通过电力驱动,实现对槽轮转速、风力大小和作业间距的调控。采用离散元仿真软件EDEM建立条施装置排肥部分的仿真模型,分析其结构设计及排肥轮转速变化对颗粒肥运动的影响,优化排肥器的结构设计。结果表明,装置的不同管道间的排量均匀性好,变异系数均值最高为1.30%,变径槽轮能够更好更快地排出料槽内的物料,明显改善物料残留问题;台架试验测试装置在槽轮转速为120 r/min时排量最高为453 g/s。田间试验结果表明,导流管夹角影响行距及成条性指数,成条指数最小值为29.1%,整体成条效果好。该装置具有较好的肥料成条作业效果,可为无人机条施技术的研究提供参考。UAV spreading has been widely used in modern agriculture in recent years.However,the scattering behavior of granular materials can often be produced during spreading.At the same time,the material residue in the trough cannot be fully cleaned up,when the grooved wheel is used to discharge materials.In this study,a strip seeding device of the unmanned aerial vehicle was proposed for the granular fertilizer application.Firstly,a variable-diameter grooved wheel was designed,according to the principle of cam motion.The traditional grooved wheel was split into several parts,such as the groove and the central shaft.The central shaft was replaced with a camshaft as a fixed part.The rotation of the camshaft was used to realize the discharging fertilizers for the cyclic changes.The discharge volume rose in steps with the increase in rotational speed.Finally,the gap then decreased to stabilize and slightly decline in the trend of change.A deflector device was also designed with adjustable work spacing.A layered pattern was used to centralize the overall device.The spacing between rows was adjusted via the outlet direction of the guide tube and the angle between adjacent tubes.The row alignment was realized to avoid the redundant structure in the actual operation.The whole device was driven by electric power.According to man-machine communication,the microprocessor was used to realize the regulation on the rotational speed of the grooved wheel,the size of the wind power of the culvert system,and the working distance of the rows.The simulation model was also established for the fertilizer discharging of the strip applicator.A bench test was adopted to verify the simulation using the discrete element software(EDEM).A systematic investigation was then implemented to explore the effects of the structural parameters of the variable-diameter grooved wheel and the rotational speed on the movement of the fertilizer particles during operation.The optimal structural parameters of the fertilizer discharger were obtained after optimizat

关 键 词：农用无人机 条施装置 变径槽轮 EDEM 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]