玉米播种机播种质量影响因素分析与试验  

Analysis and experiment of the factors affecting the sowing quality of maize sowing machine

作　　者：耿端阳[1] 孙延成 王振伟 王建凤 崔亦鹏 于琦明 康云友 GENG Duanyang;SUN Yancheng;WANG Zhenwei;WANG Jianfeng;CUI Yipeng;YU Qiming;KANG Yunyou(Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shangdong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Shanting District Rural Revitalization and Development Center in Zaozhuang City,Zaozhuang 277200,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210000,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Shanting District Zaozhuang City,Zaozhuang 277200,China;Shandong Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Station,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255000 [2]枣庄市山亭区乡村振兴发展中心,枣庄277200 [3]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210000 [4]枣庄市山亭区农业技术推广中心,枣庄277200 [5]山东省农业机械技术推广站,济南250000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第7期56-63,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业体系项目(SDAIT-02-12)。

摘　　要：针对玉米播种机机型/质量、排种器在不同作业速度下对播种质量的影响,该研究以勺轮式、气吸式、指夹式排种器为研究对象,通过探究作业过程中的载荷变化,分析了3种排种器结构在持种与投种过程、投种时落种速度对播种质量的影响;分析了轻、中、重型播种机的作业速度与排种器类型的匹配关系。进行多机型/质量、排种器类型和作业速度的播种适应性试验。确定了影响排种性能的3个主次因素顺序为机具前进速度、排种器类型、播种机单行质量。确定了勺轮式排种器在机具前进速度3~5 km/h,播种机单行质量(完成单行播种作业的工作部件(不包括种肥箱和机架)质量的总和)为108 kg时,播种质量较好;指夹式排种器在机具前进速度6~8 km/h,播种机单行质量为238 kg时,播种质量较好;气吸式排种器在机具前进速度8~10 km/h,播种机单行质量为420 kg时,播种质量较好。研究成果可为机型开发、作业参数选择提供指导。This study focuses on the impact of corn seeder model/quality and seeder on sowing quality at different operating speeds.The spoon wheel,air suction,and finger clip seeders were selected as the research objects.By exploring the influence of seeder model/quality on sowing quality during operation,it was found that heavy-duty seeders have a tendency to intensify the change in the direction of instantaneous velocity around their center of motion.However,due to their lower tangential acceleration than the other two seeders,heavy-duty seeders have a tendency to have a smaller amplitude of change in instantaneous velocity around their center of motion.Overall,heavy-duty seeders have better adaptability to complex operating environments than medium and light-duty seeders;By exploring the impact of the seed holding process of the seeder on the quality of sowing,it was found that the spoon wheel seeder has better adaptability to flat small plots,while the air suction seeder has good adaptability to complex terrain and flat large and small plots.However,the air suction seeder has higher operational efficiency and better economy for flat large plots.For complex small plots,although the spoon wheel seeder has lower seeding quality,it can still meet seeding quality requirements at low speeds;By exploring the impact of the transition from seed holding to seed feeding on sowing quality,it was found that at the same sowing speed,the air suction seeder,due to the seeds being adsorbed on the seed suction port,as long as the air intake channel of the seed suction hole is blocked,the seeds will be thrown out under gravity.This means that the timing of seed detachment from the seed suction hole is relatively small,and the consistency of plant spacing is also good,indicating the best sowing quality.The finger clip type seed planter,although the timing of opening the finger clip is accurate and reliable,may have differences in the timing of seed detachment due to the coating on the seed surface,differences in seed size,and the response

关 键 词：试验 玉米 播种机 排种器 载荷变化 播种质量 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]