“县-小流域-图斑”多层级水土流失治理策略  

Multi-level controlling of the soil erosion for counties,small watersheds,and plots

作　　者：王娟 刘晓林 亢庆 周瑞鹏 金平伟 吴镇宇 黄俊 WANG Juan;LIU Xiaolin;KANG Qing;ZHOU Ruipeng;JIN Pingwei;WU Zhenyu;HUANG Jun(Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin,Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou 510611,China;Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Peard River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou 510611,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站,广州510611 [2]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广州510611

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第7期136-144,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302902);广东省水利科技创新项目(2020-25)。

摘　　要：面对类型复杂、分布广泛的侵蚀环境现状和不断提速的侵蚀治理要求,当前水土流失遥感监测成果仍难以满足水土保持精准治理需求,探索水土流失图斑空间定位技术,科学定量开展“县-小流域-图斑”多层级水土流失治理策略研究,是推进治理工作向深、广、细、实方向发展的有效手段。该研究以贵州省喀斯特区普安县为例,采用“三层迭代”水土流失图斑空间识别方法,空间继承、衔接水土流失遥感监测成果和水土保持率现状,获取水土流失图斑,判别宜治理对象。综合小流域水土流失严重程度和宜治理程度2个维度定量评价小流域治理优先度,提出水土流失治理策略。结果表明:1)水土流失图斑识别结果与遥感监测成果相比,水土流失总面积相对误差低于1%,不同土地利用类型水土流失面积相对误差低于5%,各侵蚀强度等级水土流失图斑判别总体准确率为95.82%;2)普安县水土流失重点集中在耕地、林地和草地,小流域治理优先度大于0.6的占全县小流域的6.31%;3)依据集中连片和易治理原则,制定水土流失治理策略,模拟分析水土流失面积预期消减情况,预计至2025年需治理水土流失面积3.44 km^(2),2025—2030年需治理面积43.35 km^(2),2030—2035年需治理水土流失面积46.26 km^(2),可完成分阶段预期水土保持率目标。研究可为水土流失精准防治、区域水土保持规划、水土保持率稳步提升、有效落实水土保持目标责任考核等工作提供技术支撑和科学决策依据。Soil and water conservation is one of the most important parts of ecological civilization,river management and rural revitalization.Erosion control has been an effective means to improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem,particularly for the complex and widely distributed erosion environment in China.There are a large number of loss areas unsuitable for treatment or without treatment potential.However,the remote sensing monitoring of soil and water loss at the regional scale still cannot fully meet the precise control needs of potential,suitability,and urgency in the soil and water conservation at present.This study aims to explore the spatial positioning on the soil erosion for counties,small watersheds and plots.According to the"county-small watershed-plot",multi-level control strategy of soil and water loss was also carried out for the systematic management and classification.A systematic evaluation was also conducted to refine the severity and suitability of soil and water loss in small watersheds.The study area was taken from the Pu'an County,a karst area in Guizhou Province,China.The"three-layer iteration"spatial identification was performed on the soil erosion plots.Remote sensing monitoring of soil erosion was connected to identify the suitable control objects.The priority management degree of small watershed was evaluated quantitatively,according to the two dimensions of soil erosion severity and appropriate management.The soil and water conservation rates were then obtained for the technical support and decision-making basis.The results showed that the soil and water loss in Pu'an County was concentrated mainly in the cultivated land,forest land and grassland,which were accounted for 60.12%,25.77%and 7.73%of the total soil and water loss in the county.Some small parts were also distributed in gardens and the rest land use types.Furthermore,the relative error of the total area of soil and water loss was less than 1%,and the relative error of the area of different land use types was less than 5%,

关 键 词：水土流失 图斑 适宜性评价 治理策略 水土保持率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]