生态环境损害赔偿公私法属性辨疑  

Discrimination of the Public Law or Private Law Attribute of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation

作　　者：巩固 高腾飞 GONG Gu;GAO Tengfei(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期118-127,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色公益诉讼现代化的理论创新与实现机制研究”(23&ZD164)。

摘　　要：生态环境损害赔偿责任性质属于实体法而非程序法问题。“私法责任论”者主张以公民环境权或私权性自然资源国家所有权为索赔基础,认为公法责任论与现行司法实践不匹配。“混合责任论”者主张以“磋商—诉讼”二元程序或《民法典》第1235条规定的具体责任类型为据区别公法责任和私法责任。这些观点在逻辑上存在重大漏洞,对公法责任论存在重大误解。生态环境损害赔偿责任属于公益填补责任,具有强制性、法定性等特点。在行政力量不足的情况下只能寻求司法手段的帮助,但“借道”民事诉讼实施并不意味着其就是民事责任。公法责任论可以系统、完整地解释整个生态环境损害赔偿责任体系,适合作为制度构建和实践开展的基础理论。The nature of ecological environment damage compensation liability belongs to substantive law rather than procedural law.The“private law liability theory”advocates that the claim is based on the citizen's environmental right or the private right of state ownership of natural resources,and that the public law liability theory does not match the current judicial practice.The“mixed liability theory”advocates the distinction between public law liability and private law liability based on the dual procedure of“consultation—litigation”or the specific types of liability stipulated in Article 1235 of the Civil Code.There are major loopholes in the logic of these views,and there is a major misunderstanding of the theory of public law liability.The liability for compensation for damage to the ecological environment belongs to the liability of public welfare filling,which is mandatory and statutory.Only the help of judicial means can be sought in the absence of sufficient administrative power.However,the implementation of“borrowing”civil litigation does not mean that it is civil liability.The theory of public law liability can systematically and completely explain the whole ecological environment damage compensation liability system,which is suitable as the basic theory of system construction and practice.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿 公法责任 私法责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]