《民法典》中生态环境损害赔偿责任适用论  

On the Application of Compensation Liability for Ecological Environment Damage in the Civil Code

作　　者：汪渊智[1] 张雅宁 WANG Yuanzhi;ZHANG Yaning(School of Law,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学法学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期128-140,共13页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：作为“公法责任的私法操作”,生态环境损害赔偿责任不宜沿用以矫正正义为核心的裁判理念,而应在分配正义的指引下形成有别于环境侵权的适用规则。就责任构成而言,该责任应满足违法性要件,且行为违法性的判断依据应限于法律、行政法规、部门规章、《刑法》第96条所涉规范性文件及国家关于生态环境保护的强制性标准;至于其因果关系证明,亦无须遵行因果关系推定的特殊规则。就责任承担而言,该责任不宜包括以单独惩戒为目的的惩罚性赔偿;当其与私益损害赔偿发生竞合时,应按照“损害填补优先”“私益保护优先”的原则有序赔偿。就责任免除而言,该责任可适用第三人过错免责的一般规定,无须令形式加害人与过错第三人共同就生态环境损害承担不真正连带责任。As a product of“the privatization of the public liability”,the compensation liability for ecological environment damage should not follow the concept of corrective justice,but form applicable rules different from environmental infringement under the guidance of distributive justice:For the constitution of the liability,the liability should meet the requirement of illegality,and the criteria for determining illegality of an act are limited to laws,administrative regulations,departmental rules,normative documents referred to in article 96 of the Criminal Law and national mandatory standards on ecological environment protection;and the proof of causality should not follow the special provisions of the presumption of causality.In terms of liability assumption,the liability should not include the punitive compensation for the purpose of separate punishment;when this liability competes with the damages for private interests,compensation shall be made in accordance with the principles of“preference for damage filling”and“priority of private benefit protection”.As for the exemption of the liability,the liability can be subject to the general exception clause based on the fault of a third party,and it is not necessary to make the form offender and the fault third party bear the unreal joint-liability for ecological and environmental damage.

关 键 词：《民法典》 生态环境损害赔偿责任 分配正义 私益保护优先 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]