基于广义相对论的地月空间激光时频传递计算模型及误差分析  

Calculation Model and Error Analysis of Lunar Laser Time-Frequency Transfer Based on General Relativity

作　　者：耿仁方 吴志波[1,4] 黄勇[1,2] 孟文东 汤凯[1] 张海峰[1,4] 刘通[3] 王文彬[3] 张忠萍[1,4] Geng Renfang;Wu Zhibo;Huang Yong;Meng Wendong;Tang Kai;Zhang Haifeng;Liu Tong;Wang Wenbin;Zhang Zhongping(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Technology and Engineering Centre for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100049 [4]中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国激光》2025年第2期122-133,共12页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA30040500,XDA30030500);国家自然科学基金(12373085);科工局民用航天技术预先研究项目(D010105)。

摘　　要：提出了一种基于地心天球参考系/地球时(GCRS/TT)的地月空间激光时频传递数据处理方法,分别建立了单向和双向高精度计算模型。在此基础上,定量分析了计算模型中各误差项的量级及分布规律,并利用蒙特卡罗方法对链路误差改正项进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明,由于单向模式的测量钟差耦合了轨道误差,双向模式性能优于单向模式,而站间单向共视模式受轨道切向误差的影响较大。当定轨三维位置精度优于150 m时,双向星地模式可以实现优于1.5 ps的链路改正不确定度和优于2×10^(-17)@10000 s的链路稳定度,站间单向共视模式对应的指标为1.7 ns和1×10^(-14)@1000 s。建立的计算模型可以对地月空间单向和双向星地激光时频传递测量数据进行高精度处理,为深空探测任务中的原子钟性能评估和时间同步提供了理论支撑。Objective In recent years,atomic clocks have made spectacular progress,with ground-based optical lattice atomic clocks reaching stabilities of less than 10-18 and accuracies of 1×10^(-18).High-performance atomic-clock satellite-satellite,satellite-ground,and ground ground interconnections can be achieved by establishing time-frequency transfer links.This advancement provides insights into various critical technological and scientific domains,including global satellite navigation systems,deep space exploration,verification of general relativity,measurement of gravitational waves,gravity field assessment of the earth,and fundamental physical constant measurements.This year,the Chinese Academy of Sciences plans to launch a lunar orbiting spacecraft equipped with a laser timefrequency transfer payload to assess the performance of onboard hydrogen atomic clocks and to conduct a comparison of clocks in remote observatories.For high-precision time-frequency transfer data processing,establishing a computational model that meets the requirements of the mission within the framework of general relativity is necessary.Methods Based on the existing relativistic theory for time and frequency transfer,in this study,we derived a relativistic model of one-and two-way satellite-ground laser time-frequency transfer on a distant retrograde orbit(DRO),which can be directly used in the data processing of the DRO laser time-frequency transfer.Using the simulated DRO orbit,we analyzed the magnitudes and distribution patterns of various error correction terms in the laser time-frequency transfer.These terms include light-time correction,atmospheric refraction,relativistic rate shifts,and position correction between the detector and reflector.In addition,Monte Carlo methods were employed to simulate and compute the uncertainties of link corrections,considering the DRO orbit and attitude determinations and the probe payload calibration parameters.The effects of these uncertainties on the stability and accuracy of the time-frequency transf

关 键 词：卫星激光测距 激光时频传递 地月空间 绕月远距离逆行轨道 

分 类 号：P228.5[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]