核酸检测法与酶联免疫吸附法对血液标本内乙肝病毒检测的意义  

Significance of Nucleic Acid Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Detection of Hepatitis B Virus in Blood Samples

作　　者：杜娟[1] 孙俊波 刘欢 DU Juan;SUN Jun-bo;LIU Huan(Department of Blood Transfusion,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College,Luohe 462300,China;Luohe Central Blood Station Quality Control Department,Luohe 462000,China)

机构地区：[1]漯河医学高等专科学校第二附属医院输血科,漯河462300 [2]漯河市中心血站质控科,漯河462000

出　　处：《四川解剖学杂志》2024年第5期56-58,共3页Sichuan Journal of Anatomy

摘　　要：目的:分析核酸检测法(NAT)与酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对血液标本内乙肝病毒(HBV)检测的意义.方法:选取 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月漯河医学高等专科学校第二附属医院522 例疑似HBV感染检查者为研究对象.采集检查者血液标本,行NAT和ELISA检测.以乙肝金标试纸法检测结果为标准,分析并比较两种检测方法的诊断结果、诊断效能,并比较不同检测方式的窗口期.结果:522 例疑似HBV感染检查者血液标本,经金标试纸法显示阳性为 460 例,阴性为 62 例;经ELISA检测显示阳性为 348 例,阴性为 61 例;经NAT检测显示阳性为 426例,阴性为 62 例.NAT检测的敏感度、准确度均高于ELISA检测,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).NAT检测的窗口期短于ELISA检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:与ELISA检测比较,NAT检测对血液标本中的HBV具有更好的诊断效能,还能缩短窗口期,且该检查方式能更准确反映病毒感染程度,值得临床进一步推广应用.Objective:To analyze the significance of nucleic acid test(NAT)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in the detection of Hepatitis B virus(HBV)in blood samples.Methods:A total of 522 suspected HBV infection examiners in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College,from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as research objects.And all blood samples were collected and examined by NAT and ELISA.Take the hepatitis B gold label test paper method as the standard,the diagnostic results,diagnostic efficacy of NAT and ELISA were analyzed and compared,and the window periods of different detection methods were compared.Results:Among the 522 patients suspected to contain HBV in blood samples in this experiment,460 cases were positive and 62 cases were negative according to the gold labeled test method,ELISA testing showed 348 positive cases and 61 negative cases,according to NAT testing,there were 426 positive cases and 62 negative cases.The sensitivity and accuracy of NAT detection were higher than those of ELISA detection,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The window period of NAT detection was shorter than that of the ELISA detection,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with ELISA,NAT has a better diagnostic efficacy in blood samples containing HBV,and can also shorten the window period.Moreover,this examination method can accurately reflect the degree of viral infection,which is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

关 键 词：血液标本 乙肝病毒 核酸检测法 酶联免疫吸附法 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]