从越人族群演进视角解读《史记·东越列传》传旨——兼论与《汉书·闽粤传》传旨之异  

A Research on the Aims of“Biography of DongYue”in SHIJI from the Perspective of Development of Yue:The Differences between this Biography and the“Biography of MinYue”in HANSHU

作　　者：张欣[1] Zhang Xin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《史学史研究》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：国家社科基金社科学术社团主题学术活动资助项目“新中国秦汉史研究70年”(项目编号:21STA019)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《史记·东越列传》传题中的“东越”似乎为泛指,但本传论述的中心是狭义的东越,即余善所建立之东越。《汉书》相关内容题作《两粤传》(《南粤闽粤传》),这是《史记》《汉书》相近内容而呈现不同书法的又一具体体现。后世学者对此作了不同解读。班固《汉书·司马迁传》所记《史记》目次中第五十四卷是“闽越列传”,今本《史记》中该卷次题为《东越列传》,而无“闽越列传”篇卷。可能是班固或其他好事者作了追改。梁玉绳《史记志疑》直接将《史记》的《东越列传》改题作《闽越列传》。“东”“闽”一字之改,是慎重的符合当时历史实际的改动。文章对于《史记》《汉书》书法的这一分歧作了解释:司马迁可能据当时历史情况作了如实的记述,并追述了东越的源起流变;班固《汉书》题作《南粤闽粤传》,将南越与闽越相并立,而非南越与东越并书,是从东汉的视角,通观这段历史得出的综合判断,对该区域的历史大体并无遗漏的情况下,依据事实作出的研究性论述和概括,故而称《闽粤传》更为符合当时的历史实际。不论是《史记》题作《东越列传》,还是《汉书》题作《闽粤传》都有其合理性。不妨作为我们理解当时越人族群的两个维度,双重视角。The“Dongyue”in the title of“Biography of DongYue”in SHIJI seems to be a catch-all to some barbarian groups,but this biography records the history of DongYue which founded by Yu Shan.The relevant biography in HANSHU is the“Biography of MinYue”,and different titles of biographies shows the two books records similar content in various style.The“Biography of Sima Qian”in HANSHU mentions the title of“Biography of MinYue”of SHIJI,while the title is biography of DongYue instead of MinYue in today's SHIJIE,so the title had been changed by Ban Gu or others.The title is“Biography of MinYue”in Liang Yusheng's SHIJI ZHIYI.The change from DongYue to MinYue reflects the historical background.Sima Qian recorded the history of DongYue based on historical background and traced the origins of the group,Bangu listed MinYue instead of DongYue based on history of Eastern Han Dynasty,so the title of“Biography of MinYue”is accord with situation.The titles in two histories both are appropriate.The two titles provide two perspectives for understanding the Yue groups in Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：战国秦汉 《东越列传》 《闽粤传》 东越 传旨 越人族群 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]