突发公共卫生事件应对中数字法治实施成效提升路径构建研究——基于fsQCA方法  

Research on Constructing Paths for Upgrading the Effectiveness of Digital Rule of Law Implementation in Responding to Public Health Emergencies Based on the FsQCA Method

作　　者：王燕萍 王鹏[2] 高一冉 魏敏 于甜 孟楠 王可欣 刘欢 吴群红[1] Wang Yanping(School of Health Management,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2025年第3期305-309,355,共6页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“复杂网络视域下中俄两国医疗浪涌应对系统理论建模、仿真及能力建设研究”(72361137562)。

摘　　要：目的:探究影响突发公共卫生事件应对中数字法治实施成效的关键因素和提升路径,为优化公共卫生应急管理体系提供参考。方法:2023年11月~2024年1月,研究以60份数字法治成效专家调查问卷为案例样本,依托新公共管理、数字治理及协同治理理论构建综合性理论分析框架。选取公共卫生应急立法完善程度、卫生应急数字法治的政府投入、数字化技术应用程度、跨部门应急协作与信息共享水平、数据安全与隐私保护能力、公民数字素养及公民对数字法治的支持度作为前因条件。采用模糊集定性比较方法,揭示实现突发公共卫生事件应对中数字法治实施成效提升的多元路径。结果:(1)数字化技术应用程度是实现突发公共卫生事件应对中数字法治实施成效提升的必要条件。(2)存在3种高实施成效组态路径,分别为“政府领航-技术驱动型”“政技引领-社会共治型”“全息协同法治优化型”,三种前因组合解的覆盖率达0.66。结论:高效的数字法治效能依赖于高水平数字化技术的应用。针对公共卫生应急管理的不同阶段应采取差异化的策略,包括划定数据使用“红线”、增强数据加密与访问管控、构建动态法律修订机制、研发智能法律执行监控系统、创立未来法治实验室、推广社区协同共治模式及构建全息协同的数字法治生态系统等。Objective To explore the key factors and upgrading paths influencing the effectiveness of digital rule of law implementation in responding to public health emergencies,and provide references for optimizing the public health emergency management system.Methods From November 2023 to January 2024,60 expert surveys on digital rule of law effectiveness were utilized as case samples,a comprehensively theoretical analysis framework was constructed based on New Public Management,Digital Governance and Collaborative Governance theories.Antecedent conditions were selected,including public health emergency legislation completeness,government investment in digital rule of law for health emergencies,the degree of digital technology application,the level of cross-departmental emergency collaboration and information sharing,data security and privacy protection capabilities,citizens'digital literacy,and citizens'support for digital rule of law.The fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis method was applied to uncover diverse paths to enhance the effectiveness of digital rule of law implementation in public health emergency responses.Results The degree of digital technology application was the necessary condition for enhancing the effectiveness of digital rule of law implementation in public health emergencies.Three high-effectiveness configurations were identified,which were"Government-led,Technology-driven,""Government-Technology Guided,Socially Co-governed,"and"Holistic Collaborative Rule of Law Optimization".The coverage of these three antecedent combinations of solutions reached 0.66.Conclusion Efficient digital rule of law effectiveness relies on a high degree of digital technology application.Differentiated strategies should be adopted for different stages of public health emergency management,including setting"red lines"for data usage,enhancing data encryption and access control,establishing a dynamic legal revision mechanism,developing intelligent legal execution monitoring systems,founding a future rule of law laborat

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 数字法治 提升路径 模糊集定性比较分析 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学] D920.0[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]