Realizing temperature-gated photochromic NaYTiO_(4):Bi^(3+)for a time-temperature indicator  

可用于时间-温度指示器的温度门控光致变色材料NaYTiO4:Bi3+

作　　者：Yunwen Bao Wei Hu Yiqing Zhou Zhongxian Qiu Jingxuan Zhang Jiaping Zhang Jiaren Du Shixun Lian 包蕴雯;胡伟;周艺清;邱忠贤;张敬宣;张佳萍;杜家仁;廉世勋

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province College,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology&Traditional Chinese Medicine Research(Ministry of Education),College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081,China [2]School of Chemical and Material Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,214122,China

出　　处：《Science China Materials》2025年第4期1064-1073,共10页中国科学(材料科学)(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1700903);the Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department(24A0073);the Young Talent Lift Program of Hunan Normal University(2024QNTJ05);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12204197)。

摘　　要：Time-temperature indicator(TTI)technologies enable real-time quality monitoring of perishable products during transportation-storage.Photochromic material-guided TTI offers significant benefits in terms of nondestructive and convenient visualization.However,photochromic materials with low-temperature-range dependency are rare,limiting the development of cryogenic temperature-responsive TTI methods.This work proposes a novel temperature-gated bicolor photochromic material.Using NaYTiO_(4)as the matrix,which has a native blue color center related to the intrinsic deep trap,Bi^(3+)ions are incorporated to create extremely shallow trap levels(100-230 K)along with an associated longwavelength absorption color center.By combining these two color centers with extended full-spectrum absorption,NaYTiO_(4):Bi^(3+)converts to dark gray upon ultraviolet irradiation below 233 K.With increasing temperature,the trapped electrons in shallow traps are released first,and the color state becomes yellowish until it completely fades back to white above 573 K.The liberation of thermally activated charge carriers is positively correlated with the storage duration and the ambient temperature.For the first time,we realize a TTI method based on photochromic materials at extremely low temperatures,which allows for direct visualization of quality management for cryogenic products without further information extraction and conversion.This work demonstrates the significant ability of photochromic materials as advanced information-recording materials in the next generation of smart TTIs.时间-温度指示(TTI)技术能够实现对易变质产品在运输和储存过程中的实时质量监测.基于光致变色材料的TTI在无损检测和便捷可视化方面具有优势.然而,具有低温依赖性的光致变色材料极为罕见,限制了低温响应型TTI器件的发展.本研究提出了一种新型温度门控双色光致变色材料,以NaYTiO4为基质,具有与本征缺陷相关的固有蓝光吸收的色心,引入Bi3+离子掺杂形成极浅陷阱(100-230 K)及其对应的长波长吸收色心.当温度低于233 K时,采用紫外光辐照,两个色心合并形成扩展的全光谱吸收,NaYTiO4:Bi3+变为深灰色.随着温度升高,被捕获在浅陷阱中的电子会优先释放,材料体色逐渐变为黄色,直至在573 K以上完全褪色为白色.该热激活载流子的释放速度与储存时间和温度正相关.基于此,我们实现了一种基于光致变色材料的极低温TTI方法,无需进一步的信息提取和转换,可实现冷冻产品的直接可视化质量监管.本工作充分证明了光致变色材料在下一代智能TTI中作为先进信息记录材料的可行性.

关 键 词：PHOTOCHROMISM color center trap depth NaYTiO_(4) TTI 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]