新发现的永乐御制藏文刻本《文殊真实名经》初探  

A Preliminary Exploration of the Newly Discovered Imperial-made Tibetan Block-printed Version of Manjusrinamasamgiti of the Yongle Period

作　　者：西热桑布 Shes-rab bZang-poInstitute of(Tibetan Ancient Books of Xizang University)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学藏文古籍研究所

出　　处：《中国藏学(藏文版)》2025年第1期50-60,190,195,196,共14页CHINA TIBETOLOGY

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“藏文写本《大藏经》源流研究”(项目编号:19VJX089)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新发现的明代永乐时期藏文《文殊真实名经》官刻本,有永乐皇帝御制的长篇跋文、赞颂及后序。藏文《文殊真实名称经》由仁青桑布大师翻译,在藏传佛教《经续集》里作为首部经文出现,其重要程度可见一斑。文章对其题跋作初步考证,又从文献学角度,考证版本、版型、装顿、字体、雕工以及残存文字内容。作者认为该刻本是为庆祝永乐皇帝52岁诞辰,于当年即永乐九年(1411)在南京刊刻,正当永乐版藏文《大藏经》出版的次年。刻本规格为696cm×11.8cm,共116叶,每叶6行字,雕版细致,字体道劲,插图精美,装饰华丽,选用上等宣纸,封面饰以蓝色锦缎,内饰黄色素绫,捆绳为丝线编织,纽扣用如意型象牙制成,装帧非常考究,具有这一时代明显的官造印记,是一部珍贵的明代文献。这种装形式对其后的明清皇家御用藏文经书有很大影响,一直沿用到清代末期。这一刻本的发现,是了解明朝政府的民族宗教政策的重要资料,更是我国各民族间文化融合、宗教交流的见证。The newly discovered official block-printed version of the Tibetan Manjusrinamasamgiti from the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty features a long postscript,eulogy,and afterword personally written by Emperor Yongle.The Tibetan Maijusrinamasamgiti was translated by the master Rin-chen bZang-po and appears as the first scripture in the Kangyur of Tibetan Buddhism,indicating its great significance.This article conducts a preliminary textual research on its inscriptions.From the perspective of philology,it also examines the version,block-type,binding style,font,carving craftsmanship,and the remaining text content.The author believes that this block-printed version was engraved in Nanjing to celebrate Emperor Yongle's 52nd birthday in the 9th year of Yongle(1411),which was just the year after the publication of the Yongle-version Tibetan Tripitaka.The size of this block-printed version is 69.6 cm*11.8 cm,with a total of 116 folios.Each folio has 6 lines of characters.The carving is meticulous,the font is vigorous,the illustrations are exquisite,and the decoration is magnificent.The paper is of high-quality,the cover is decorated with blue brocade,the interior is lined with yellow plain silk,the binding rope is woven with silk threads,and the buttons are made of Ruyi-shaped ivory.The binding is extremely elaborate,bearing the obvious marks of officiai production of this era.It is a precious document of the Ming Dynasty.This binding style had a great influence on the imperialused Tibetan scriptures in the Ming and Qing dynasties and was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.The discovery of this block-printed version is not only important information for understanding the ethnic and religious policies of the Ming government but also a witness to the cultural integration and religious exchanges among various ethnic groups in China.

关 键 词：藏文版本 《文殊真实名经》 永乐皇帝 题跋 

分 类 号：G256.3[文化科学—图书馆学]