宗喀巴大师三十五佛论说及其相关佛像记载初探  

A Preliminary Exploration of Master Tsongkhapa's Theory of the Thirty-five Buddhas and Related Records of Buddha Statues

作　　者：更尕 Kun-dgav dBang-phyug(School of Tibetology,Qinghai Minzu University)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学藏学院

出　　处：《中国藏学(藏文版)》2025年第1期61-81,190,196,197,共24页CHINA TIBETOLOGY

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“宗喀巴传记文献整理挖掘翻译及其精神研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA229)之子课题(宗喀巴传记文献集成)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：作者在对黄南州同仁市年都乎乡年都乎寺18世纪古代壁画进行调查时发现,《三十五佛忏悔文》壁画的构图形式备受关注,且众说纷绘。《三十五佛忏悔文》中既有古印度智者的洞见,如龙树菩萨、觉贤大师的精辟论述,也有早期藏族学者的智慧,以萨迦班智达为代表的深刻剖析和14世纪宗喀巴大师等的权威阐释。作者对《三十五佛忏悔文》的构图形式进行了追溯,梳理了不同构图观的由来与演变,归纳为以三十五佛名号阐释为基础的构图理论。这些观点大致可以归纳为以下3类:一是以三十五佛名号解释为基础的成文论,二是以三十五佛意蕴、化身、五种乘姓为基础的成文论,三是宗喀巴大师所指的成文论。最后,作者着重探讨了宗喀巴大师所指的三十五佛成文论与《论部》经典的深刻契合。这种解读不仅有助于更全面地理解《三十五佛忏悔文》的成文形式,也为进一步发掘和传承这一文化遗产提供了重要依据。During the investigation of the ancient murals in Nianduhu Temple,Nianduhu Township,Tongren City,Huangnan Prefecture,which date back to the 18th century,it was found that the composition form of the murals of The Confession of the Thirty-five Buddhas has drawn much attention from the academic community,and there are various opinions.In The Confession of the Thirty-five Buddhas,there are the insights of ancient Indian wise men,such as the incisive discourses of Bodhisattva Nagarjuna and Master Buddhabhadra,as well as the wisdom of early Tibetan scholars,represented by the profound analysis of Sakya Pandita and the authoritative interpretations of Master Tsongkhapa in the 14th century.The author traced the composition form of The Confession of the Thirty-five Buddhas,sorted out the origin and evolution of different composition views,and summarized them as a composition theory based on the interpretation of the names of the Thirty-five Buddhas.These views can be roughly classified into the following three categories:first,the theory of composition based on the interpretation of the names of the Thirty-five Buddhas;second,the theory of composition based on the connotations,incarnations,and five types of spiritual lineages of the Thirty-five Buddhas;third,the theory of composition pointed out by Master Tsongkhapa.Finally,the author focused on exploring the profound correspondence between the theory of the composition of the Thirty-five Buddhas pointed out by Master Tsongkhapa and the scriptures of Abhidharma.This interpretation not only helps to understand the composition form of The Confession of the Thirty-five Buddhas more comprehensively,but also provides an important basis for further exploring and inheriting this cultural heritage.

关 键 词：三十五佛 《三十五佛忏悔文》 宗喀巴大师 年都乎寺 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]