从“玄秘神物”“秘密手印册”到典籍之“七重标号”  

Study on the Tibetan Traditional Text from"gNyan po gsang ba"and"gSang ba phyag rgya can"to the"rGya rim pa bdun"of Classics

作　　者：旦增聪美 bsTan-vdzin mTshungs-med(School of Humanity,Xizang University)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学文学院

出　　处：《中国藏学(藏文版)》2025年第1期82-97,191,197,共18页CHINA TIBETOLOGY

基　　金：西藏大学高层次人才项目“互动与交融:怒江上游那雪古代堪舆术历史文化研究”阶段性成果(批准号:00061243/028)。

摘　　要：11世纪以来的多数藏文传世文献认为,佛法肇始于吐蕃赞普拉托托日年赞时期,其依据为“年波桑哇”(■,即玄秘神物),“年波桑哇”其中一部经被称为“■”(后作“■”,汉译为《百拜忏悔经》)。讲述吐蕃赞普身世来历的传说文献后来被统称为《五史册》,其中传说是赞普本人所著的被称为“桑哇恰甲坚”(“■”,即秘密手印册),此处“■”意为赞普的印章或手印(吐蕃时期赞普的印称作“■”,大臣的印称作“■”)。“■”意为七重,即用7根绳子捆缚一部经典之意,而这些绳子捆绑经典的7个结上留有印章或手印。因此,吐蕃时期捆缚经文的绳子被称为“■”,意为书带。后弘期以来“七重标号”成为规范藏族传统典籍的标准形式,包括字间标号、句读标号、章节标号、分卷标号、卷目标号、框线标号,以及名签标号或函头标号。文章主要探讨“■”和“■”的词义演变,同时阐释藏文典籍之“■”的由来及其功能,并在此基础上厘清藏文典籍规范化相关术语。Most of the Tibetan documents since the 11th century believe that Buddhism originated during the reign of Lha tho tho ri gnyan btsan.The basis for this is the"gNyan po gsang ba"(i.e.,the mysterious divine object),and one of the scriptures in the"gNyan po gsang ba"is called"Pang kong phyag rgya"(later writen as"sPang skong phyag brgya",translated into Chinese as The Sutra of One-Hundred-Bow Confession).The legendary documents that tell the origin of the Tubo bTsan-po were later collectively called The Five Historical Records.Among them,the one said to be written by the bTsan-po themselves is called gSang ba phyag rgya can"'(i.e.,the secret seal book).Here,"phyag rgya"means the seal or handprint of the bTsan po(during the Tubo period,the bTsan po's seal was called"phyag rgya",and the minister's seal was called"sug rgya")."Rim pa bdun"means seven-fold,that is,binding a classic with seven ropes,and there are seals or handprints left on the seven knots where these ropes bind the classic.Therefore,the ropes used to bind scriptures during the Tubo period were called"rgya thag",meaning book straps.Since the later dissemination period of Buddhism,the"seven-fold markings"have become the standard form for standardizing traditional Tibetan classics,including inter-character marking,punctuation marking,chapter marking,volume-division marking,volume-title marking,frame-line marking,as well as nametag marking or box-head marking.This article mainly explores the semantic evolution of"gnyan po gsang ba"and"gsang ba phyag rgya can",and at the same time explains the origin and function of"rgya rim pa bdun"in Tibetan classics,and on this basis,clarifies the terms related to the standardization of Tibetan classics.

关 键 词：玄秘神物 秘密手印册 七重标号 

分 类 号：G256.3[文化科学—图书馆学]