敦煌藏文《般若十万颂》断代研究——从文献的“明目”及字行演变分析  

A Study on the Dating of Dunhuang Tibetan Version of Prajnaparamitasutra-Analysis of the Evolution of"sPyan-khyer"and Lines in the literature

作　　者：才项南杰 sGo-me Tshe-dbang rNam-rgyal(Institute of Ancient Tibetan Books of Xizang University)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学藏文古籍研究所

出　　处：《中国藏学(藏文版)》2025年第1期108-120,191,197,198,共16页CHINA TIBETOLOGY

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“西藏卓卡寺藏吐蕃时期文献发掘整理与研究”(项目批准号:22YJA870002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：梵夹装藏文古籍,不论写本还是刻本,每叶书头均携有文献的简要标识,包括标题、函号、卷号及叶码等,古人称其为“"”(明目)。敦煌出土的梵夹装藏文古籍,其“明目”形式多样,展现了藏文文献版面设计的早期特征。文章通过深入研究敦煌梵夹装文献,发现其“明目”历经从无到有、逐步发展的过程,从最初的无页码标注,发展到包含字母序号、文字叶数及数字编码的演进历程,这一变化不仅为文献断代提供了依据,也从侧面反映出藏文编码的发展史。此外,如敦煌文献中的《般若十万颂》等大开本古籍,各函之间字行规格不同,体现了抄经院在不同时期的统一规范。基于“明目”中叶码标号的演变,敦煌梵夹装藏文文献可划分为三个抄写阶段,而行数变化和“明目”存否亦成为进一步断代的重要参考。For ancient Tibetan books in Buddhist binding,whether handwritten or engraved,each page has a brief mark of the document,including the title,volume number and page number,which the ancients called"sPyan-khyer".The sPyan-khyer of ancient Tibetan books in Buddhist binding unearthed in Dunhuang has various forms,showing the early characteristics of the layout design of Tibetan documents.Through in-depth study on Dunhuang documents of Buddhist binding,this article finds that the evolution of sPyankhyer has gone through a process of gradual development from nothing to something,from the initial no page number marking to the evolution of letter serial number,number of text pages,and numerical coding.This change not only provides a basis for document dating,but also reflects the development history of Tibetan coding from the side.In addition,the large-format ancient books such as the Prajnaparamitasutra in Dunhuang documents have different specifications of characters and lines in each volume,which reflects the unified standards of the sutra copying institutes in different periods.Based on the evolution of the page number in the sPyan-khyer,the copying of Dunhuang Tibetan documents in Buddhist binding can be divided into three stages,and the changes in the number of lines and the existence of sPyan-khyer have also become important references for further dating.

关 键 词：敦煌文献 《般若十万颂》 断代 明目 字行 

分 类 号：G256.3[文化科学—图书馆学]