生物基防水抗污水性织物整理剂的合成及性能研究  

Study on the Synthesis and Performance of Bio-Based Waterproof and Antifouling Finishing Agents for Fabrics

作　　者：卢雨晴 杨明君[1] 张益铭 易崇森 田李 张烨铭 LU Yuqing;YANG Mingjun;ZHANG Yiming;YI Chongsen;TIAN Li;ZHANG Yeming(School of New Energy and Materials,Southwest University of Petroleum,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学新能源与材料学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《材料保护》2025年第4期113-121,共9页Materials Protection

摘　　要：为拓宽生物基防污自清洁整理剂在棉织物表面的应用,制备具有优异疏水、抗污性能的水性聚氨酯乳液(GWPU),并应用于棉织物表面处理。以单油酸甘油酯(GMO)为扩链剂、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为封端剂合成GWPU,经紫外光固化处理GWPU胶膜及棉织物。利用FT-IR光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜分析样品化学结构和官能团、观察样品表面形貌。结果表明:GMO成功接入水性聚氨酯(WPU),GWPU在棉纤维表面形成连续膜状结构,显著提升了棉织物的疏水、抗污性能,液体污染物在紫外光固化的GWPU处理的棉织物表面的接触角超过110°。GMO添加量增加导致乳液粒径增大,GWPU的热性能优于WPU。GMO添加的质量分数为0.5%时,GWPU胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最优。本工作成功制备了GWPU乳液,并实现了其在棉织物表面的有效应用,提升了棉织物的功能性。GWPU具有了良好的物理性能和热稳定性,为纺织材料的功能化改性提供了新思路,具有广阔应用前景。To broaden the application of bio-based antifouling self-cleaning finishing agents on cotton fabric surfaces,a waterborne polyure-thane emulsion(GWPU)with excellent hydrophobic and antifouling properties was prepared and applied to cotton fabric surface treatment.GWPU was synthesized using glycerol monooleate(GMO)as a chain extender and hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA)as an end-capping agent,fol-lowed by UV curing treatment to prepare GWPU films and cotton fabrics.Subsequently,the chemical structure,functional groups,and surface morphology of the samples were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that GMO was successfully incorporated into waterborne polyurethane(WPU).GWPU formed a continuous film-like structure on the cotton fiber surface,significantly en-hancing the fabric’s hydrophobic and antifouling properties.The contact angle of liquid pollutants on the UV-cured GWPU-treated cotton fabric exceeded 110°.Moreover,increasing the GMO content led to larger emulsion particle sizes,and GWPU exhibited superior thermal properties compared to WPU.When the mass fraction of GMO reached 0.5%,the GWPU film achieved optimal tensile strength and elongation at break.Overall,this study successfully prepared GWPU emulsion and realized its effective application on cotton fabric surfaces,significantly improving the fabric’s functionality.GWPU demonstrated excellent physical properties and thermal stability,offering a novel approach for the functional modification of textile materials and showing promising application prospects.

关 键 词：水性聚氨酯 单油酸甘油酯 抗污性能 疏水 棉织物 

分 类 号：TQ637.3[化学工程—精细化工]