论数据技术措施的法律定位和制度建构  

Justification Basis and Institutional Framework of Data Technical Measures

作　　者：司马航 Sima Hang

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学知识产权学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2025年第3期105-126,共22页Intellectual Property

基　　金：2023年“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(资助编号:GZC20230821)阶段成果。

摘　　要：在数据产权立法中,是否应引入技术措施已经成为不可回避的问题。我国《反不正当竞争法(修订草案征求意见稿)》第18条引入了技术管理措施的概念,但仍存在法律定位不清、制度目标不明的情况。在域外典型数据立法例中,日本的“限定提供数据”制度和欧盟《数据法》的技术措施条款均存在正当性不明、价值错位等严重问题。数据技术措施是保护数据产权的工具,其正当性源自其财产支配力、制度有益性和所保护底层权利的正当性。数据技术措施的保护,应尤其注重保障其有效性、相关性和创新性,以实现对数据技术措施适用范围的合理限制。在规则建构层面,应维持数据技术措施“保护—限制”制度框架,以保护“利用控制”技术措施,并注重数据技术措施和既有知识产权法律体系的协调。In the legislation of data property rights,the question of whether to introduce technical measures has become unavoidable.Article 18 of the Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law(Revised Draft for Public Comment)introduces the concept of technical management measures,while remaining issues such as unclear legal positioning and ambiguous regulatory objectives.Among the only extraterritorial data legislations,Japan's"shared data with limited access"system and the technical protection measures provisions of the EU Data Act have both serious problems,such as unclear legitimacy and misplaced value.Data technical measures are tools for protecting data property rights,with their legitimacy driving from their proprietary dominance,institutional usefulness and the legitimacy of the underlying rights they protect.The protection of data technical measures should pay particular attention to maintaining its effectiveness,relevance,and innovation,so as to realize a reasonable restriction on the scope of application of data technical measures.At the level of rule construction,the institutional framework of"protection-restriction"of data technical measures should be maintained in order to protect"use-control"measures,and emphasis should be placed on harmonization with the existing intellectual property law system.

关 键 词：技术措施 数据产权 限定提供数据 欧盟《数据法》 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]