粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿的底层逻辑及建议  

The Underlying Logic and Suggestions for Inter-provincial Horizontal Benefit Compensation between Grain Production Areas and Sales Areas

作　　者：杜鹰[1] 程华 DU Ying;CHENG Hua

机构地区：[1]国家发展和改革委员会,北京100824 [2]中国国际经济交流中心,北京100050

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2025年第4期4-13,共10页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：中国国际经济交流中心2024年度重点课题“粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制重点问题研究”。

摘　　要：一直以来,粮食主产区在保障国家粮食安全、稳住农业基本盘中发挥着至关重要的作用,然而主要产粮大省的地方整体发展形势却不容乐观。党的二十届三中全会明确指出“统筹建立粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制,在主产区利益补偿上迈出实质步伐”。依据外部性理论,本文分析了对中国粮食主产区开展省际横向利益补偿的理论逻辑在于粮食作为准公共产品的“三个正外部性”,并在全尽正外部性解决对策及调控手段可行性的基础上,明确指出以粮食消费为主的省份作为受益方补偿粮食生产为主的省份是行之有效的方法,为2025年启动实施粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿提供了强有力的理论依据。同时本文分析提出省际横向利益补偿的现实逻辑关键在于保护地方政府、种粮农民、科研人员的“三个积极性”,与中央纵向转移支付形成合力,同市场共同保障粮食的充分供给。本文对补偿口径、单位补偿省份、受偿与补偿省份,及统筹考虑主销区已做贡献、现行有关制度、纵向转移支付等横向利益补偿方案的细节开展了具体分析并提出了针对性建议。最后,从处理好公平与效率关系、注重补偿方案的科学性、加强与存量制度协同提出了横向利益补偿建立与实施的整体建议。The main grain producing areas have always played a crucial role in ensuring national food security and stabilizing agricultural foundation.However,the overall development situation in main grain producing provinces is not optimistic.The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out the need to“coordinate to establish inter provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism between grain production areas and sales areas,and take substantive steps in the interest compensation to main producing areas”.Based on the theory of externalities,this study analyzes the theoretical logic of inter-provincial horizontal benefit compensation for main grain producing areas in China,which lies in the“three positive externalities”of grain as a quasi public good.On the basis of fully exploring the feasibility of solutions and regulatory measures for positive externalities,it is clearly pointed out that it is an effective method that grain consumption provinces compensate grain production provinces as beneficiaries.The above analysis provides a strong theoretical basis for the implementation of inter-provincial horizontal benefit compensation between grain production areas and sales areas starting in 2025.At the same time,the analysis points out that the practical logic of inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation lies in protecing the“three initiatives”of local governments,grain farmers,and researchers,therefore forming a joint force with central vertical transfer payments,and working together with the market to ensure sufficient supply of grain.This study conducts a specific analysis and proposes targeted suggestions for the details of horizontal benefit compensation schemes;such as compensation caliber,unit compensation provinces,provinces receiving compensation and offering compensation,as well as taking into account the contributions made by the main sales area,current relevant systems,and vertical transfer payments.Finally,overall suggestions are

关 键 词：粮食安全 粮食主产区 横向利益补偿 正外部性 补偿标准 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]