农村土地权属优化配置路径与统分权利结构  

Optimization Path of Rural Land Rights Allocation and Unified-decentralized Structure of Rights

作　　者：张宗利 蒋世桢 ZHANG Zongli;JIANG Shizhen

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2025年第4期79-91,共13页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：农村现代化视阈下的中国农村经济管理学理论创新研究(编号:2024JZDZ061);江苏省高校哲学社会科学实验室-南京农业大学“大食物安全治理与政策智能实验室”,国家自然科学基金青年项目“消费者餐饮浪费行为与信息干预机制及策略选择研究--基于随机控制试验”(编号:72103097)。

摘　　要：党的二十届三中全会提出要巩固和完善农村基本经营制度。本文结合土地功能分析了国内外土地权属配置路径的差异及实效,阐述了中国农村土地权属配置的路径选择和权能配置的统分权利结构,并结合江苏、湖南开展的“小田并大田”改革实践,辨析了“确权确地”与“确权不确地”应是个体农户土地生产性权利与财产性权利的配置显现,而非农户土地经营权的配置路径差异。本文发现,中国农村土地权属配置应以坚持土地集体所有为前提,农村土地集体所有制具有消解土地细碎化、实现土地规模化生产的内生功能。通过集体所有权与个体农户生产性权利、财产性权利的统分互促、内外流动、双向可逆,解决土地细碎化和耕地撂荒问题,兼顾农民生存和发展的差异化需求,促进农村基本经营制度的政治、社会、经济功能平衡相长。本文建议在第二轮土地承包到期后延包工作中,实施“承包权不动,经营权连片”的改革方案。同时,赋予集体统合行使土地经营权对外流转的权利,通过土地流转平台促进土地连片流转。The 20th Third Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China proposed consolidating and improving the basic rural management system.This article analyzes the differences and effectiveness of land ownership allocation paths at home and abroad based on land function,outlining the path choices and the unified-decentralized structure of rights China’s rural land ownership allocation.It incorporates practices from the“small to large field”reform in Jiangsu and Hunan to clarify that“confirming rights and confirming land”versus“confirming rights without confirming land”should reflect the allocation of individual farmers’productive land property rights,rather than differences in the path of allocating farmers’land management rights.The study finds that China’s rural land ownership allocation should adhere to collective land ownership as a premise;the collective land ownership system in rural areas inherently dissolves land fragmentation and achieves appropriately scaled production.By promoting a reciprocal,internally and externally flowing,bidirectional and reversible relationship between collective ownership and individual farmers’productive and property rights,the issues of land fragmentation and fallow land can be addressed,while considering the diverse survival and developmental needs of farmers,thereby promoting a balanced enhancement of the political,social,and economic functions of the basic rural management system.This article suggests implementing the reform plan of“keeping contracting rights unchanged while consolidating operation rights”in the second round of rural land contract extension.At the same time,it proposes granting collectives the right to integrate and transfer land operation rights externally,and promoting contiguous land transfer through land transfer platforms.

关 键 词：土地功能 土地权属配置 统分权利结构 土地流转 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]