“地势”与人类学的日常语言视角和方法  

Dishi and the Everyday Language Perspective and Method in Anthropology

作　　者：朱晓阳 ZHU Xiaoyang(School of Sociology,Yunnan Minzu University;Department of Sociology,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]云南民族大学社会学学院 [2]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2025年第2期92-123,共32页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文从政治人类学的发问:“不以西方为出发点的‘政治学’何以可能”出发,提出政治生活中的“势”话说蕴含着其他选择途径之观点,进而从日常语言视角人类学入手讨论“势说”政治进路。本文在讨论理解“势说”政治的关键——日常语言视角论时,受到当代语言人类学和视角论人类学的启示,并特别以当代语言人类学的田野发现和文学翻译的“田野”经验作为支持。基于语言现象学所秉持的反还原论预设,本文将“地势”视为由一些相异成分以“中间链接”而成的“一般图景”,并在最后部分对“地势”作为实地研究方法进行了讨论。虽然“势说”政治或“地势”话说与一般社会科学研究方法论在本体论和认识论的根本预设上有所区别,但是在田野调查技术层面,两种范式是相互兼容的。基于此,本文以测度方法为例,对“地势”方法的具体运用进行了讨论。In political practices related to space,phrases such as“considering dishi”(考量地势)and“grasping dishi”(把握地势)are frequently employed by practitioners.The concept of dishi(地势,terrain)also serves as one of the expressions within the traditional Chinese political discourse of“shishuo”(势说,strategic positioning).This article begins with such everyday political language to discuss dishi within the broader context of contemporary social sciences.It starts with the political anthropological question of“how is‘political science’possible without taking the West as its departure?”,suggesting that the discourse of shishuo(势说)embedded in political life offers alternative pathways.By adopting an anthropological perspective rooted in everyday language,this study goes on to examine the political approach of shishuo,contrasting it with fundamental issues in Western social sciences,such as causal inference.The discussion of key elements in understanding shishuo--particularly the perspective of everyday language--draws inspiration from contemporary linguistic anthropology and perspectival anthropology,supported by ethnographic findings in linguistic anthropology and“fieldwork”experiences in literary translation.The study,grounded in the anti-reductionist premises of linguistic phenomenology,conceptualizes dishi as a“general picture”formed by the heterogeneous elements through“intermediary links”.It further argues that discourses of dishi often function as performative acts rather than descriptions of preexisting facts or conditions in the causal-inferential sense.In anthropological interventions,the discourse of shishuo and action are intertwined,rendering such discursive practices themselves methods for studying dishi.The final section explores dishi as a field research methodology.While the ontological and epistemological foundations of shishuo differ from those of mainstream social science methodologies,the paper contends that these paradigms--and even multiple paradigms--a

关 键 词：地势 政治人类学 日常语言视角 一目了然/综观演示 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]