美国对东南亚国家的小多边援助及其区域影响  

The United StatesMinilateral Aid to Southeast Asian Countries and Its Regional Impact

作　　者：王震 安竣谱 WANG Zhen;AN Junpu(College of Political Science and Public Administration,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,China;College of Humanities,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学政治与公共管理学院 [2]浙江师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2025年第2期118-135,157,158,共20页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“大国竞争背景下湄公河国家次区域合作自主性及中国的对策研究”(23CGJ039)。

摘　　要：在美国经略东南亚地区的过程中,对外援助发挥了重要作用,其援助路径和模式也在大国竞争背景下不断拓展与完善。其中,小多边援助作为一种特殊的对外援助形式,具有鲜明的针对性、美国主导的隐蔽性和长期性特征。美国通过构建相对中立的小多边援助机制,塑造了援助的弱干预性。在为受援国提供发展所需资金的同时,美国引导受援国进行国内改革,强化受援国与小多边机制内其他国家的经济黏性,拓展各方合作的空间和深度,进而塑造受援国的经济发展路径。在此基础上,美国以受援国为战略支点,打造区域发展样板,试图通过“以点带面”的方式推动地区秩序的演变。本文尝试以印尼和缅甸为案例,通过分析国际援助印尼财团和国际援助缅甸财团的构建和运行,探究美国在印尼和缅甸小多边援助的实施进程、结果及其对地区秩序的影响。In the process of advancing its strategic interests in Southeast Asia,the United States has leveraged foreign aid as a critical tool,continuously expanding and refining its aid approaches and models amid great power competition.Among these,minilateral aid-a dis-tinctive form of foreign assistance-stands out for its targeted,discreet,and long-term nature.By establishing relatively neutral minilateral aid mechanisms,the U.S.has shaped a form of aid characterized by low intervention.While providing recipient countries with much-needed development funding,the U.S.has guided domestic reforms within these nations,strength-ened their economic ties with other members of the minilateral frameworks,and expanded the scope and depth of cooperation.This,in turn,influences the economic development traj-ectories of recipient countries.Building on this foundation,the U.S.has used these nations as strategic pivots,creating regional development models in an attempt to drive the evolution of the regional order through a“point-to-area”approach.This paper examines the cases of In-donesia and Myanmar by analyzing the formation and operation of the Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia(IGGI)and the Burma Aid Group(BAG)to explore the implementa-tion,outcomes,and regional implications of U.S.minilateral aid.

关 键 词：小多边援助 东南亚国家 地区秩序 美国 印尼 缅甸 

分 类 号：D871.22[政治法律—政治学]