2022年山东省学校饮用水基本状况调查及卫生监管对策分析  

Survey on basic status of school drinking water and analysis of hygienic supervision countermeasures in Shandong province in 2022

作　　者：宋晓霈 徐静 董淑琴 宋晓阳 SONG Xiao-pei;XU Jing;DONG Shu-qin;SONG Xiao-yang(Jiyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan City,Shandong251400,China;Office of Managementand Operations,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Department of Health Supervision,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]济南市济阳区疾病预防控制中心,山东251400 [2]山东省疾病预防控制中心业务管理部 [3]山东省疾病预防控制局卫生监督处

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2025年第1期61-66,71,共7页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的了解山东省学校饮用水基本情况,为完善山东省学校饮用水卫生监管对策提供依据。方法2022年对山东省正常招生的小学、初中、高中、普通高校以及分校教学点进行调查,调查内容为学校的供水方式以及学生的饮水方式。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析,计数资料比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果调查学校供水方式使用自建设施供水、二次供水、管道分质供水的学校分别占4.73%(572/12101)、1.32%(160/12101)、6.47%(783/12101),饮水方式使用带有净水功能的饮水设备的最多,占67.48%(8166/12101)。供水方式检查结果自建设施供水的合格率最低,仅有21.9%(121/572),主要原因为卫生许可证持证率低;各种供水方式卫生管理合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=231.32,P<0.05)。饮水方式检查结果管道分质供水的合格率较低,为45.9%(349/761),不合格原因主要是水质消毒和卫生防护;使用桶装水、带净水功能的饮水设备、管道分质供水等三种饮水方式的卫生管理合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=477.76,P<0.05)。结论2022年山东省学校自建设施供水存在的卫生隐患较大,应逐步以市政供水或农村规模化供水取代;使用带有净水功能的饮水设备的学校虽然卫生管理合格率较高,但因基数大,也存在一定的卫生安全风险,应作为重点加强监管。Objective To understand the current status of drinking water in schools in Shandong province,so as to provide a basis for improving the health supervision strategies for school drinking water in Shandong province.Methods A survey was conducted in 2022among primary schools,middle schools,high schools,colleges,and branch campuses in Shandong province to investigate the water supply methods of the schools and the drinking water patterns of the students.Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0statistical software,with chi-square tests for categorical data comparisons.Results Among the surveyed schools,4.73%(572/12101)used self-constructed water supply systems,1.32%(160/12101)used secondary water supply,and 6.47%(783/12101)used piped dual water supply systems.The most common drinking water method was using water dispensers with purification functions,accounting for 67.48%(8166/12101).The inspection results showed that self-constructed water supply systems had the lowest qualification rate at only 21.9%(121/572),primarily due to low rates of health permit possession.There were statistically significant differences in health management qualification rates among various water supply methods(χ^(2)=231.32,P<0.05).The piped dual water supply system showed a relatively low qualification rate of 45.9%(349/761),mainly due to inadequate water disinfection and health protection.There were significant differences in health management qualification rates among 3drinking water methods:bottled water,water dispensers with purification functions,and piped dual water supply systems(χ^(2)=477.76,P<0.05).Conclusion In 2022,self-constructed water supply systems in schools in Shandong province posed significant health risks and should be gradually replaced by municipal water supply or rural large-scale water supply systems.Although schools using water dispensers with purification functions showed relatively high health management qualification rates,the large number of such devices still presents potential health safety risks,warranting enhanc

关 键 词：学校饮用水 供水方式 饮水方式 卫生管理 卫生监督 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]