曲阜市中小学生呼吸道传染病健康教育效果评价  

Evaluation on health education effect of respiratory tract infectious diseases for primary and middle school students in Qufu city

作　　者：兰玉杰 翁建娥 颜丙光 LAN Yu-jie;WENG Jian'e;YAN Bing-guang(Infectious Disease Control Section,Qufu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jining Shandong273100,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科,山东济宁273100

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2025年第1期72-75,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的对中小学生呼吸道传染病防控知识、行为及需求情况进行调查,为今后开展中小学生呼吸道传染病防控提供依据。方法2023年10-11月采用随机整群抽样方法,在曲阜市选择1047名中小学生开展健康教育,在健康教育前后均使用统一编制的问卷进行调查,比较中小学生呼吸道传染病防治知识知晓率和健康行为正确率的差异,对获得相关知识的途径进行分析。结果中小学生10道呼吸道传染病防控知识的总体知晓率为75.75%(7719/10190),健康教育后提高至95.46%(9517/9970),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1578.07,P<0.01)。健康教育前小学生和中学生的知晓率分别为70.9%和81.08%,健康教育后知晓率提高至93.07%和97.99%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为976.04、741.41,P<0.01)。健康教育前男生和女生的知晓率分别为75.23%和76.33%,健康教育后提高至95.11%和95.84%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为828.24、750.08,P<0.01)。咳嗽打喷嚏掩口鼻、经常开窗通风,出现感冒发热等症状及时报告老师、到人员密接场所戴口罩、接种流感疫苗等5种行为的正确率分别由健康教育前的90.18%、91.85%、85.97%、89.99%、83.22%提高到96.39%、97.09%、95.19%、95.89%、93.98%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为29.26、26.34、49.93、26.60、57.54,P<0.01)。小学生通过传染病讲座、听老师讲课、宣传栏、网络等获得呼吸道传染病防控知识的比例与中学生相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为22.63、16.40、10.75、20.61,P<0.01)。结论中小学生对呼吸道传染病防控知识的知晓率较高,健康教育能够进一步提高学生对呼吸道传染病防控知识的知晓率及健康行为。Objective To investigate the knowledge,behaviors,and needs regarding the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases among primary and secondary school students,so as to provide a basis for future interventions.Methods From October to November 2023,a random cluster sampling method was used to select 1047primary and secondary school students in Qufu city for health education.A standardized questionnaire was administered before and after the health education to compare the awareness rate of respiratory infectious disease prevention knowledge and the accuracy of health behaviors.The sources of knowledge acquisition were also analyzed.Results The overall awareness rate of 10 respiratory infectious disease prevention and control measures among primary and secondary school students was 75.75%(7719/10190),which increased to 95.46%(9517/9970)after health education,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=1578.07,P<0.01).Before health education,the awareness rates among primary and secondary school students were 70.9%and 81.08%,respectively,increasing to 93.07%and 97.99%after health education(χ^(2)=976.04and 741.41,respectively;P<0.01).The awareness rates among boys and girls were 75.23%and 76.33%before health education,increasing to 95.11%and 95.84%after health education(χ^(2)=828.24and 750.08,respectively;P<0.01).The correct rates for 5health behaviors-covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing,frequent ventilation,reporting symptoms like fever or cold to teachers,wearing masks in crowded places,and receiving influenza vaccinations-increased from 90.18%,91.85%,85.97%,89.99%,and 83.22%to 96.39%,97.09%,95.19%,95.89%,and 93.98%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=29.26,26.34,49.93,26.60,and 57.54,respectively;P<0.01).Compared with secondary school students,primary school students showed significant differences in acquiring knowledge through infectious disease lectures,teacher instruction,bulletin boards,and the internet(χ^(2)=22.63,16.40,10.75,and 20.61,respe

关 键 词：呼吸道传染病 健康教育 中小学 学校卫生 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学] G479[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]